Microbiology | MCQs

Explanation

Lipid-rich components of bacterial cells present in the bacterial membrane.

Bacterial membranes present a large diversity of amphiphilic lipids.

Explanation

Explanation

• Small pieces of DNA are called plasmids.
• Plasmids are circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomal DNA.
• It can replicate independently, commonly found in bacteria.

Explanation

Robert Koch established the germ theory of disease by demonstrating a causal relationship.

Between specific microorganisms and particular diseases, most notably with his research on anthrax.

Explanation

• Viruses are considered non-cellular or acellular organisms because they do not have cellular structure or metabolism.
• They are composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat and require a host cell to replicate and produce new viruses.

Explanation

In June 2022, researchers discovered largest bacteria on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe and is big enough to be seen with the human eye

Explanation

Restriction enzymes are naturally occurring enzymes used by bacteria as a defense mechanism to protect themselves from viral infections.

These enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA at those sites, preventing viral replication.

This defense strategy is known as the restriction-modification system.

Explanation

Fermenters are also known as bioreactors.

They are large containers used to grow microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, or cells on a large scale for various industrial applications, such as:

• Production of biofuels
• Biopharmaceuticals
• Food processing
• Biotechnology research

Explanation

During alcoholic fermentation, yeast converts sugars in the dough into carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and ethanol (ethyl alcohol).

The CO2 produced gets trapped in the dough, causing it to expand and rise.

This process is responsible for the light and airy texture of bread.

Explanation

Lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid through a process called lactic acid fermentation.

It occurs in muscles during intense exercise or in certain microorganisms like Lactobacillus.

Pyruvic acid is a key intermediate in cellular respiration and is converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen.