Immunology | MCQs

Explanation

• BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine is primarily used to protect against Tuberculosis (TB).
• It is typically administered to infants and children in countries with high TB prevalence.

Explanation

Antibodies are specialized proteins produced by the immune system.

They help identify and neutralize foreign substances like bacteria and viruses.

Explanation

Vaccination can be administered:

• Before infection (preventive vaccination, the most common scenario)
• After infection (post-exposure prophylaxis, PEP, to prevent severe symptoms or complications)
• During infection (in some cases, to reduce disease severity and transmission, like during an outbreak or pandemic)

Explanation

Minerals like gold salts (e.g., auranofin) and platinum compounds (e.g., platinum sulfate) have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Gold therapy, in particular, has been used for many years to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

Explanation

Restriction enzymes are naturally occurring enzymes used by bacteria as a defense mechanism to protect themselves from viral infections.

These enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA at those sites, preventing viral replication.

This defense strategy is known as the restriction-modification system.

Explanation

Measles is a viral disease that can be prevented and treated with the measles vaccine.

Explanation

MMR vaccines are given to children to develop resistance against:

• Measles
• Mumps
• Rubella (German measles)

Explanation

• Vaccines contain disease-producing pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria) in a weakened or attenuated form, or sometimes only a small portion of the pathogen (such as a protein or sugar).
• This allows the body to develop immunity against the pathogen without actually causing the disease.

Explanation

• The skin is the body's first line of defense against external pathogens, such as harmful germs and diseases.
• It acts as a physical barrier, preventing them from entering the body and causing infection or illness.