Microbiology | MCQs

Explanation

Biotechnology in industry refers to the use of biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to develop new products and processes on a large scale.

This includes the production of alcohol, antibiotics, vaccines, biofuels, and other commodities.

Explanation

Farmers were the earliest biotechnologists, as they inadvertently manipulated the genetic makeup of crops and livestock through selective breeding and domestication.

This traditional form of biotechnology dates back thousands of years, long before the discovery of DNA and modern genetic engineering techniques.

Explanation

Spores are specialized structures in unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and some protists, that enable asexual reproduction without fusion.

Spores are highly resistant to environmental stresses and can germinate into a new individual when conditions are favorable.

Explanation

• In bacterial cells, the DNA is found floating in the cytoplasm, rather than being enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus like in eukaryotic cells.
• This region of the cytoplasm where the DNA is found is called the nucleoid.

Explanation

• Yeast is a type of fungus, specifically a single-celled fungus that belongs to the kingdom Fungi.
• It is a eukaryotic microorganism that is capable of fermenting sugars.
• It is commonly used in baking and brewing.

Explanation

Microorganisms are typically classified into three main groups:

1. Bacteria (single-celled prokaryotes)
2. Viruses (tiny infectious agents that replicate inside the cells of an organism)
3. Fungi (organisms that obtain their nutrients by decomposing organic matter or by forming symbiotic relationships with other organisms)