Explanation
Umar was the second Muslim caliph (from 634),
Under whom Arab armies conquered Mesopotamia and Syria
And began the conquest of Iran and Egypt.
Additional information:
The Pious Caliphs were the first four Caliphs.
They were:
- Abu Bakr
- Umar
- Uthman
- Ali
| Name (in Arabic) | Born (CE) | Reigned from (CE) | Died | Relationship with Muhammad | House |
| Abu Bakr (أبو بكر الصديق) | 573 | 8 June 632 | 22 August 634 | Father of Aisha, Muhammad's wife | Banu Taim |
| Umar (عمر بن الخطاب) | 584 | 23 August 634 | 3 November 644 (assassinated by Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz) | Father of Hafsa, Muhammad's wife | Banu Adi |
| Uthman (عثمان بن عفان) | 579 | 11 November 644 | 20 June 656 (assassinated at the end of a siege upon his house; see First Fitna) | Husband of Muhammad's daughters, Ruqayya and later Umm Kulthum, and grandson of Muhammad's paternal aunt | Banu Ummaya |
| Ali (علي بن أبي طالب) | 601 | 20 June 656 | 29 January 661 (assassinated while praying in the Mosque of Kufa; see First Fitna) | Muhammad's cousin, and husband of Fatimah, Muhammad's daughter and Umamah bint Zainab, Muhammad's granddaughter | Banu Hashim |
