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A. Psycho-linguistics
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B. None of these
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C. Applied linguistics
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D. Socio-linguistics
Explanation
- Psycho-linguistics studies the mental processes involved in language acquisition, storage, and processing in the brain.
- It focuses on how individuals learn, comprehend, and produce language, examining both cognitive and neural mechanisms.
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A. Charles Sanders Peirce
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B. None of these
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C. Noam Chomsky
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D. Leonard Bloomfield
Explanation
- Chomsky introduced the concepts of "competence" and "performance," which parallel Saussure’s "langue" and "parole."
- "Competence" refers to an idealized knowledge of language, while "performance" is its actual use in speech.
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A. Triphthongs
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B. Diphthongs
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C. None of these
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D. Semi-vowels
Explanation
- Diphthongs are vowel sounds that begin with one vowel position and smoothly transition to another within the same syllable (e.g., "coin," "loud").
- They differ from monophthongs, which have a single, unchanging vowel sound.
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A. Portmanteau
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B. Derivation
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C. None of these
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D. Compounding
Explanation
- Derivation forms new words by adding prefixes or suffixes (e.g., happy → unhappy, teach → teacher).
- It differs from compounding, which combines whole words (e.g., sunflower, notebook).
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A. Progressive
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B. Regressive
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C. None of these
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D. Reciprocal
Explanation
- In progressive assimilation, the preceding sound affects the following sound.
- It contrasts with regressive assimilation, where the later sound influences the earlier one.
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A. Idiosyncrasy
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B. None of these
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C. Synchronic
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D. Diachronic
Explanation
- Diachronic linguistics studies language evolution over time.
- It contrasts with synchronic linguistics, which examines language at a specific moment.
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A. Sibilants
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B. Syllabic consonants
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C. None of the above
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D. Suffixes
Explanation
- Syllabic consonants act as the nucleus of a syllable without needing a vowel (e.g., "bottle" /l̩/).
- Common examples include /l̩/, /n̩/, and /m̩/ in unstressed syllables.
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A. Protolanguage
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B. None of these
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C. Paralanguage
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D. Metalanguage
Explanation
- Paralanguage includes non-verbal elements like tone, pitch, and gestures in communication.
- It helps convey emotions and meaning beyond spoken words.
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A. Paradigmatic
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B. None of these
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C. Parole
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D. Performance
Explanation
- Performance refers to the actual use of language in real situations.
- Chomsky contrasted it with "competence," which is knowledge of language.
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A. Elision
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B. Epenthesis
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C. Assimilation
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D. Metathesis
Explanation
Assimilation is a phonological process where a sound changes to become more like a neighboring sound.
This can occur in terms of place, manner, or voicing.
