Explanation

When white light passes through a prism, it is refracted, or bent, and split into its individual colors, a process known as dispersion.

The order of deviation is:

• Violet (most deviated)
• Blue
• Green
• Yellow
• Red (least deviated)

Explanation

• Television remote controllers use infrared (IR) waves to transmit commands to the TV.
• IR waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency too low to be seen by the human eye.
• They are widely used in remote control applications, such as:
• TV remote controls
• Air conditioners
• DVD players
• Garage door openers

Explanation

Lactose, also known as milk sugar.

It is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose molecules.

It is found in milk and other dairy products.

Explanation

Joseph Lister, also known as Baron Lister of Lyme Regis.

He was a British surgeon and medical scientist who founded antiseptic medicine and was a pioneer in preventive medicine.

Lister is also known as the "father of modern surgery".

Explanation

Mutualism is the association between two different species, known as symbionts, where both benefit from each other's presence and cannot survive without each other.

This intimate relationship is essential for the survival and success of both species.

Examples of mutualism include:

• Clownfish and sea anemone
• Coral and zooxanthellae
• Bees and flowers
• Humans and gut bacteria

Explanation

The gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males) are the target organs for both:

• FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): stimulates follicular growth and maturation in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes.
• LH (Luteinizing Hormone): triggers ovulation in the ovaries and testosterone production in the testes.

Explanation

Emphysema is a condition in which the alveoli at the end of the smallest air passages (bronchioles) of the lungs are destroyed.

Due to damaging exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating gases and particulate matter.

Explanation

The respiratory surface, where gas exchange occurs, is the alveoli.

Alveoli are tiny sacs located at the end of the bronchioles, deep in the lungs.

They provide a large surface area for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream.

Explanation

The nucleus, which consists of protons and neutrons.

It is incredibly dense and occupies a very small volume compared to the extra-nuclear part (electrons).

However, the nucleus contains most of the atom's mass due to the significant mass of protons and neutrons.

Explanation

Cotton is a natural fiber that contains a very high percentage of cellulose, typically around 95%.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide (a long chain of glucose molecules) that provides strength, structure, and durability to plant cell walls.

Cotton is one of the purest forms of cellulose, making it a valuable resource for textile production.