Explanation

Irritation or stimulation triggers a response in organisms.

It leading to movement as they react to the changes in their environment.

Explanation

Mass number (237) = Number of protons (92) + Number of neutrons

Number of neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons

= 237 - 92

= 145

Therefore, the isotope 92U^237 has 145 neutrons.

Explanation

When the reaction quotient (Qc) is equal to the equilibrium constant (Kc), the system is at equilibrium and is stable.

Qc = Kc indicates that the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

Explanation

Minerals like gold salts (e.g., auranofin) and platinum compounds (e.g., platinum sulfate) have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Gold therapy, in particular, has been used for many years to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

Explanation

Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification or biotechnology.

It is the artificial manipulation of DNA to alter the genetic code of an organism.

This can involve the transfer of genes from one organism to another, or the alteration of existing genes within an organism.

Explanation

When capacitors are connected in parallel, the total capacitance (Ct) increases, as the effective plate area and charge storage capacity increase.

The formula for total capacitance in parallel is: Ct = C1 + C2 + ... + Cn

In series connection, the total capacitance decreases, as the effective plate area and charge storage capacity decrease.

The formula for total capacitance in series is: 1/Ct = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + ... + 1/Cn

Explanation

The bond formed between water molecules (H2O) is a hydrogen bond.

The bond within the water molecule itself is a covalent bond

Explanation

The male gonads in rabbits, as in all mammals, are the testes (singular: testis).

The testes are responsible for producing sperm and testosterone.

Explanation

Bronchitis is a condition in which the air passages (bronchial tubes) that carry air to and from the lungs become inflamed.

Explanation

The critical angle is the angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs.

It can be calculated using Snell's law:

n1 sin(θ1) = n2 sin(θ2)

where n1 = 1.33 (refractive index of water), θ1 = critical angle, n2 = 1 (refractive index of air), and θ2 = 90° (angle of refraction).

Rearranging the equation to solve for θ1, we get:

θ1 = arcsin(n2 / n1)

Substituting the values, we get:

θ1 = arcsin(1 / 1.33) ≈ 48.8°

So, the critical angle is approximately 48.8°.