Explanation

A food chain is a sequence of organisms that shows how food energy is transferred from one organism to another through consumption.

It typically starts with a producer (like a plant) and ends with a top predator, showing how energy is passed through repeated eating and being eaten.

Explanation

Nervous coordination involves the transmission of electrochemical signals.

It is also known as nerve impulses or action potentials, through the nervous system.

This allows for rapid communication and coordination between different parts of the body.

Explanation

The particle that comprises two protons and two neutrons is an alpha particle (α).

Alpha particles are emitted from the nucleus of an atom during a type of radioactive decay called alpha decay or α-emission.

Explanation

A battery is connected in an electric circuit to provide a constant potential difference (voltage) across the circuit, allowing electric current to flow through the conductors.

The battery maintains a constant voltage, ensuring a consistent flow of current through the circuit.

Explanation

The presence of a dielectric material between the plates of a capacitor increases the capacitance of the capacitor.

The dielectric material reduces the electric field between the plates, allowing more charge to be stored on the plates, and thus increasing the capacitance.

Explanation

The magnitude of the force between two unit positive charges (each with a charge of 1 Coulomb) separated by a distance of 1 meter in a vacuum is given by Coulomb's Law:

F = k × (q1 × q2) / r^2

where:

F = force (in Newtons)

k = Coulomb's constant (approximately 8.98755 × 10^9 N m^2 C^2)

q1 and q2 are the charges (in Coulombs)

r is the distance between the charges (in meters)

Plugging in the values, we get:

F ≈ (8.98755 × 10^9 N m^2 C^2) × (1 C × 1 C) / (1 m)^2

F ≈ 8.98755 × 10^9 N

F ≈ 9 × 10^9 N (approximately)

Since 1 Newton is equal to 10^9 N (by definition), we can simplify the answer to:

F ≈ 1 N (approximately)

Explanation

In qualitative analysis, a sample can be a solid, liquid, gas, or a mixture.

A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances, where each substance retains its chemical properties.

Explanation

Lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid through a process called lactic acid fermentation.

It occurs in muscles during intense exercise or in certain microorganisms like Lactobacillus.

Pyruvic acid is a key intermediate in cellular respiration and is converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen.

Explanation

Extensor muscles are responsible for straightening (extending) a limb or a joint.

They work in opposition to flexor muscles, which bend (flex) the limb or joint.

Explanation

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone), also known as vasopressin.

It is released by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.

ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased water retention and decreased urine production.