Explanation

The food chain is the sequence of energy transfer from:

• Producers (plants, algae, phytoplankton) →
• Consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores) →
• Decomposers (fungi, bacteria, insects)

This energy transfer is also known as the energy flow or trophic cascade.

Explanation

• Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg cells) from two parents of different sexes.
• It resulting in offspring with a unique combination of genetic traits.

Explanation

• Water enters the root hair through the process of osmosis.
• It is the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

Explanation

The term "phosphatidylcholine" is sometimes used interchangeably with "lecithin," although the two are different.

Choline is a component of phosphatidylcholine, which is a component of lecithin.

Explanation

• Mammals are a group of animals that have babies that are born alive (viviparous), are warm-blooded (endothermic), have mothers that feed their babies with milk (lactation), and have fur, hair, or skin and a spine (vertebrates).
• Examples: humans, dogs, cats, bears, whales, dolphins, lions, monkeys, elephants and sharks etc.

Explanation

• Permanent magnets are materials that retain their magnetism for a long time.
• They are typically difficult to magnetize, but once magnetized, they retain their magnetic properties.

Explanation

The diseases caused by deficiency of Copper is:

• Anaemia
• Kidney problems
• Starvation

Note: According to Sindh Textbook Board, Jamshoro

Explanation

Dietary fiber has numerous health benefits, including:

• Preventing or relieving Constipation: Fiber helps promote regular bowel movements and prevents constipation by adding bulk to stool and softening it.
• Lowering diabetes risk: Soluble fiber, found in foods like fruits, vegetables, and legumes, can slow sugar absorption and improve insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
• Reducing Heart disease risk: Fiber helps lower cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and inflammation, all of which can contribute to heart disease.

Explanation

Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and plays a crucial role in the production of platelets, which are vital for stopping bleeding when you're injured.

Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders, easy bruising, and poor wound healing.

Vitamin K helps to:

• Activate clotting factors in the liver
• Produce platelets in the bone marrow
• Form blood clots to stop bleeding

Explanation

• Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of instant energy.
• They are broken down into glucose.
• Which is absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body.
• Where it is converted into energy.