Explanation

• Paracrine messenger molecules, such as hormones and growth factors, are small, short-lived molecules that are secreted by cells and act on nearby cells.
• They are typically peptides, amino acids, or steroids, and are broken down quickly by enzymes, making them unstable.

Explanation

• Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, have an average lifetime of 100 to 120 days in humans.
• They are produced in the bone marrow and can be recycled by macrophages.
• The average time for an erythrocyte to complete a cycle of circulation is 60 seconds, or one minute.

Explanation

Albinism is a recessive genetic trait, so both parents must be carriers (Aa).

The Punnett square for Aa × Aa gives a 25% chance (aa) of having an albino child.

Explanation

Stiffness of joins affects the ability to perform daily activities

They reduced the range of motion and difficulty in the movement of joints

Heat relieves pain

• relaxes muscles
• promotes healing
• reduces tissue swelling
• decreases joint stiffness
  

Explanation

Mechanical Ventilation is administered when the patient is unable to maintain respiration.

It is also needed due to respiratory failure, lung injury, or during surgery

When anesthesia affects the ability to breathe independently

Explanation

Penicillin is one of the most commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotics globally

They fight bacterial infections by destroying the bacteria's cell walls.

It is effective against infections caused by:

• Gram-positive cocci
• gram-positive rods
• most anaerobes
• gram-negative cocci

Panadol, Paracetamol, and Brufin are not antibiotics.

They are used as painkillers

Explanation

• The spleen is an organ that filters the blood and stores red blood cells.
• But it is not part of the digestive tract.

Explanation

Filial Has Familial Origins.

Filial comes from the Latin filius, meaning "son," and filia, "daughter"

Explanation

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria.
• It use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Explanation

• The community of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components and their interactions for survival make up an ecosystem.
• An ecosystem includes all the living things (plants, animals, microorganisms)
• Non-living things (water, air, soil, sunlight) in a particular area, and how they interact with each other.