Explanation

• A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms.
• This type of bond typically occurs between nonmetal atoms, such as in molecules and organic compounds.

Explanation

• Lone pairs are electron pairs that are not shared by atoms in a covalent bond.
• They are pairs of electrons that are localized on a single atom and are not involved in bonding.
• Lone pairs are also known as non-bonding pairs or free pairs.

Explanation

• A molecular formula is a chemical formula that shows the actual number and type of atoms in a molecule.
• It is a way to represent the composition of a molecule using symbols and numbers.

For example:

• Water: H2O (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom)

Explanation

Plants, algae, and some bacteria use photosynthesis to convert simple inorganic molecules like carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen (O2).

This process is essential for life on Earth, as it provides energy and organic compounds for food chains.

Explanation

Chromatids are the two genetically identical copies of a chromosome that are joined at the centromere.

They are made up of chromatin and contain the same genetic information.

During cell division, the chromatids separate, and each becomes a separate chromosome.

Explanation

Diffusion is a passive process, meaning it does not require energy input.

In diffusion, particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are evenly distributed, without the use of energy.

Explanation

The final step of the scientific method is developing a conclusion.

It involves summarizing the findings, interpreting the data, and determining whether the hypothesis was supported or rejected.

The scientific method steps in order:

• Observation
• Hypothesis
• Prediction
• Research
• Experimentation
• Data Analysis
• Conclusion

Explanation

Alpha (α) radiation consists of heavy, positively charged particles (alpha particles) that are emitted from the nucleus of an atom during certain types of radioactive decay.

Alpha particles are highly ionizing, meaning they can efficiently remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, resulting in the formation of ions.

Explanation

The Boolean expression for an OR gate is A + B, where A and B are the inputs.

This expression reads "A or B".

In Boolean algebra, the OR operation is represented by a plus sign (+) or a logical disjunction symbol (∨).

So, the expression A + B or A ∨ B represents the OR operation.

Explanation

Preservatives are used to prevent the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeast, and mold, in food.

They help to extend the shelf life of food products and prevent spoilage.

Preservatives can be found in meats, dairy products, baked goods, and beverages.