Explanation

The Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that knowledge is acquired through experience and learning.

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Plato is to nature as Aristotle is to nurture.

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dualism is the belief that the mind is fundamentally different from the body.

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The school of psychology whose goal was to identify the basic elements of experience was called structuralism.

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Explanation

Darwin’s theory of  natural selection argued that physiological characteristics evolve because they are useful to the organism.

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Wundt was to structuralism as James was to functionalism.

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Psychodynamics, also known as psychodynamic psychology, in its broadest sense, is an approach to psychology

that emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces underlying human behavior, feelings,

and emotions and how they might relate to early experience.

Explanation

Receiving an electric shock would be an example of a stimulus

whereas being frightened would be an example of a response.

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Nature is to genes as nurture is to environment .

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Freud emphasized the role of unconscious desires in shaping people’s personality.

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Evolutionary psychology has its roots in functionalism

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Most human behavior  has multiple causes

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A forensic psychologist would be most likely to study the accuracy of eyewitness memory

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The behaviourists rejected introspection because it was too subjective

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East Asian cultures tend to be more oriented toward  collectivism

while Western cultures tend to be more oriented toward individualism.

Explanation

Watson and Skinner both contributed to which school of psychology behaviourism

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Social field of psychology would be most likely to study the influence of over-crowding on conformity

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Mind-body Dualism is a view that both body and mind exist as different entities.

It is a philosophical view that denotes mind and body are distinct and separable.

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 Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who believed that knowledge is acquired through learning and experience.

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 Individual differences are the less or more enduring psychological characteristics that discriminate one person from another.

It helps to define the individuality of each person.

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Gender does not contribute in memory

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Psychophysics can be defined as the scientific study of the relation between stimulus and sensation.

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 Reticular formation is a part of the brain that sends signals "alert" to the higher centers in response to incoming messages.

It is a widespread network of neurons.

Explanation

 In psychology, there is a lot to deal with social cognition.

It deals with the human mind and behavior.

In psychology, there is a study of social behaviors, human development, and emotions.

That's why psychology is considered as a social science.

It is different from the other social sciences such as economics, anthropology, sociology, and political science.

Explanation

Physiognomy is a practice of accessing someone's personality by their outer appearance, mainly the face.

It is an idea that it is possible to assess the personality of someone from their facial characteristics.

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Psychotic depression can cause someone to hear or see things that are not really there.

Someone who is psychotic experiences delusions (or false beliefs) or hallucinations (false sights or sounds) as out of touch with reality.

Explanation

 Psychotherapy is also called talking therapy or psychological therapy.

It is a medical term for treating mental health problems by talking with psychologists, psychiatrists, or other mental health providers.

Psychotherapy can be defined as the treatment of mind disorders or personality via psychological methods.

Explanation

A neonate is called as the newborn.

A neonate is a baby who is 4 weeks old or younger.

The first four weeks of a child's life is the neonatal period.

Explanation

Everyone wants to talk to people who have a positive attitude, good behavior, and a smile on their face.

People attract to such personalities. It helps to gain respect and acceptance in society, the workplace, school, or any organization.

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Explanation

The single factor theory of intelligence was given by Alfred Binet.

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 When a person sees images or something that is not present is termed as a hallucination

. Delusions are false beliefs that conflict with reality.

Someone who is psychotic experiences delusions (or false beliefs) or hallucinations (false sights or sounds) as out of touch with reality.

Explanation

Overt behaviors are directly observable, like running, blinking, scratching, etc.,

Whereas covert behavior includes private events such as imagining or thinking.

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Alfred Adler was the founder of the school of individual psychology.

He was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist.

Individual psychology does not mean to focus on an individual.

Explanation

The word Idiographic comes from the Greek word 'idios', which means private or own.

In psychology, the idiographic approach describes the study of an individual.

Explanation

 In which theory the age-related changes in intelligence are best explained Cattell's theory

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Phrenology is the study of the shape and size of people's head in order to find out the abilities and character.

Phrenologists are those who claim to be able to read the character from the shape of a skull.

Explanation

In India, the first psychology laboratory and psychology department was established in 1916 at Calcutta University.

It is the first independent dept. of applied psychology in India.

Explanation

In 1879, Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory of the world in Leipzig, Germany,

where he mainly studied sensations and feelings by employing experimental methods.

Explanation

 In India, the first psychology laboratory and psychology department was established in 1916 at Calcutta University.

It is the first independent dept. of applied psychology in India.

Calcutta University is located in Kolkata, WEST BENGAL, INDIA.

It was established on 24th January 1857.

Explanation

Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior.

It utilizes a comparative method to study animal behavior.

Explanation

 Margaret Floy Washburn was born in New York City on 25th July 1871.

She earned her master's degree in 1893,

she made history as the first woman awarded with Ph.D. in psychology.

Explanation

Sigmund Freud developed a set of theories that have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach.

There are some assumptions in psychodynamic theory,

such as behavior and feelings of an adult, including the mental health issues are rooted in childhood experiences, etc.

Explanation

 Short-term memory is also known as primary or active memory.

Most of the information kept in short-term memory is stored approx for 20 to 30 seconds.

Explanation

Behavioral engagement is the observable act of students being involved in learning;

it refers to students' participation in academic activities and efforts to perform academic tasks .

Explanation

 Prosocial behavior is a behavior that benefits society or other people and including a wide range of actions such as donating, sharing, helping, and co-operating.

Obeying the rules and adaptation of socially accepted behaviors like paying for groceries or stopping at the stop sign are also regarded as Prosocial behavior.

Explanation

 Distributed practice is also known as the spaced practice or spaced repetition.

It is a learning strategy where practice occurs in various short sessions over a long period of time.

There is an amount of space between every session.

Explanation

 In 1890, William James published the first work about brain activity patterns.

William James was an American philosopher and psychologist.

The principles of psychology is a book written by an American psychologist, William James.

Explanation

Sensory adaptation occurs when the sensory receptors become exposed to stimuli for a long period.

It refers to a reduction in sensitivity to a stimulus after constant exposure to it.

It can occur with our basic senses.

There are multiple examples of sensory adaptation in everyday life.

As an instance, people who smoke no longer notice the smell of cigarette smoke.