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Explanation

A thermodynamically spontaneous reaction occurs without the need for external energy input under given conditions, meaning it has a negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG < 0).

Explanation

Iron is essential in making hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells.

These red blood cells help carry oxygen throughout your body.

Explanation

Natural rubber is primarily composed of polyisoprene, a polymer made up of isoprene monomers.

Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is a diene compound that polymerizes to form the long chains found in natural rubber.

Explanation

The SN1 reaction mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which is favored by the presence of a good leaving group and a stable carbocation.

None of the options listed (toluene, nitrobenzene, or benzoic acid) are typically associated with undergoing SN1 reactions 

Explanation

Isotones are elements or isotopes that have the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.

For example, 

14N and 15 O are isotones because they both have 7 neutrons, but different numbers of protons.

Explanation

Nylon 6,6 is a type of synthetic polymer made through a condensation reaction between adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine.

These two chemicals react to form a long-chain polymer with repeating units, creating the strong and durable material known as Nylon 6,6.

Explanation

The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in very fine suspensions.

When light passes through a colloidal solution, the dispersed particles scatter the light in different directions, making the path of the light visible.

Explanation

dsp2 type of hybridization is seen especially in the case of transition metal ions.

The orbitals involved in this type of hybridization are dx2−y2, s and two p orbitals

Explanation

Iodine heptafluoride (IF₇) has a pentagonal bipyramidal structure.

In this geometry, iodine is surrounded by seven fluorine atoms:

• five fluorines are arranged in a plane forming a pentagon,
• and the other two fluorines are positioned above and below this plane,
• forming the axial positions.

This arrangement minimizes electron pair repulsion around the iodine atom.

Explanation

In a reversible adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, meaning the system is isolated in terms of heat.

Since entropy is a measure of:

• heat energy dispersal
• no heat is exchanged
• the entropy change in a reversible adiabatic process is zero.