Jizya: A tax historically levied on non-Muslims living under an Islamic state, in exchange for protection and exemption from military service. It has no connection to prisoners.
Fidya: Compensation for failing to fulfill certain obligations like fasting. This is unrelated to imprisonment.
Ashar: A tithe (1/10th tax) on agricultural produce, unrelated to prisoners.
In Islam, prisoners are generally entitled to humane treatment and are not burdened with taxes for their captivity.
If there are costs incurred by a prisoner (e.g., restitution for crimes), this would be part of the judicial process and not termed as a "tax."
