Cell Signaling | MCQs

Explanation

Neurons transmit messages through electrical impulses (action potentials) and chemical signals (neurotransmitters), forming an electrochemical wave.

These signals travel across the neurons and synapses to communicate information throughout the body.

Explanation

Cyclic AMP is a second messenger molecule that is involved in intracellular signaling pathways, not extracellular signaling.

Explanation

• "In plants, the cell signaling occurs through phytohormones": True. Phytohormones, such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, play a crucial role in plant cell signaling, regulating various physiological processes like growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli.
• "Cell signaling is used to study the context of human diseases": True. Cell signaling is indeed used to understand the underlying mechanisms of various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders, and many others.
• "Cell signaling is used to study the signaling between cells of an organism": True. Cell signaling is essential for understanding how cells communicate with each other to coordinate various physiological processes within an organism, including development, homeostasis, and responses to stimuli.

So, all three statements are true, making "All of the above" the correct answer!

Explanation

• Testosterone is a steroid hormone that can cross the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, specifically androgen receptors.
• This binding triggers gene transcription and protein synthesis, leading to various physiological responses.

Explanation

• Paracrine signaling is a type of cell signaling where cells communicate with each other through chemical signals, such as local hormones or neurotransmitters, that are released into the extracellular space and bind to receptors on nearby cells.
• This type of signaling is typically short-range and affects cells in a localized area.

Explanation

• Paracrine messenger molecules, such as hormones and growth factors, are small, short-lived molecules that are secreted by cells and act on nearby cells.
• They are typically peptides, amino acids, or steroids, and are broken down quickly by enzymes, making them unstable.