Explanation

The most common cause of an enlarged cardiac shadow on X-rays in children is often congenital heart disease.

This includes conditions such as:

• ventricular septal defect
• atrial septal defect
• patent ductus arteriosus

Explanation

Massive proteinuria, typically defined as excreting more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in the urine, is a hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome.

In this condition, the glomeruli in the kidneys become damaged

Leading to increased permeability to proteins

Resulting in their loss through the urine.

This leads to hypoalbuminemia, edema

Aand other complications associated with nephrotic syndrome.

Explanation

Aspirin should be avoided in patients with bleeding disorders

To prevent excessive bleeding and related complications.

Aspirin is an NSAID that inhibits platelet function.

In patients with bleeding disorders like hemophilia or von Willebrand disease

Aspirin can further reduce platelet function, increasing the risk of bleeding and worsening their condition.

Explanation

Beriberi is not a lipid storage disease.

This is a nutritional deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine).

It affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems

Explanation

In a renal transplant, regulating protein intake is crucial to minimize strain on the transplanted kidney.

Excessive protein consumption can lead to complications such as proteinuria and kidney damage.

Explanation

The diagnostic test typically used for rheumatic fever is ASO (Anti-streptolysin O) titer.

Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune inflammatory disease

That can develop after a group A streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. 

The ASO titer measures the antibodies produced in response to a recent streptococcal infection.

Elevated ASO titers indicate recent streptococcal infection and are a key diagnostic marker for rheumatic fever.

Explanation

Blood culture is the best test for confirming enteric fever during the first week of illness.

It can detect the presence of Salmonella typhi in the bloodstream early in the disease course.

Explanation

The presence of blood-stained and foul-smelling nasal discharge can indicate an infection or irritation caused by the rhinolith.

If someone experiences these symptoms, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Explanation

A normal potassium level for adults is between 3.5 and 5.5 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).

Potassium level is high (also called hyperkalemia) when it goes above 5.5 mmol/L.

Explanation

Digoxin is the most readily absorbed oral cardiac glycoside.

It has a high oral bioavailability

Making it effective when administered orally for the treatment of various cardiac conditions.