Explanation

 Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides.

NTPs (Nucleoside Triphosphates) are a type of nucleotide.

They consist of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), and three phosphate groups

Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are built from chains of these nucleotides. 

Explanation

A centripetal force always acts perpendicular to the direction of an object's motion,

Meaning it doesn't contribute to the object's speed or change in kinetic energy, which is the definition of work. 

Explanation

 Crystals in which lattice points are occupied by metal ions are a) Ionic crystals. 

Ionic crystals are formed by the electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal cations and negatively charged anions.

These ions are arranged in a regular lattice structure. 

Explanation

If the maximum value of the principal quantum number (n) for an atom is 4, the total number of electrons in that atom is 32.

This is because the maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by 2n², and for n=4, this calculation results in 2 * 4² = 32. 

Explanation

  Plastids are organelles specific to plant cells, responsible for photosynthesis and the storage of starch.

Animal cells do not have plastids. 

Explanation

 Halophiles are archaea that thrive in extremely salty environments like the Dead Sea,

So they are the most prevalent type of archaea found there

Explanation

A respiratory surface must have a good supply of blood. 

A respiratory surface needs to be thin, permeable, and have a large surface area to efficiently facilitate gas exchange.

However, the crucial aspect is the blood supply.

The proximity of blood capillaries to the respiratory surface allows for the rapid transfer of oxygen from the air to the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to the air. 

Explanation

Viruses are microscopic particles that require a host cell to replicate.

Mycoplasma, while small and sometimes considered a pathogen, is a type of bacteria.

Bacteria are capable of independent replication, unlike viruses which need to infect a host cell to reproduce. 

Explanation

Robert Hooke discovered the "cell wall" in 1665 when he observed dead cork cells under a microscope.

He named these small compartments "cells" because they reminded him of the rooms in a monastery.

The concept of "protoplast," which refers to the living contents of a cell, was discovered later. 

Explanation

Frictional force is a non-conservative force.

Unlike conservative forces (such as elastic spring force, gravitational force, and electric force), friction dissipates energy as heat and does not store it.

It means the work done by friction depends on the path taken.