Explanation

• The triangular prism is one of the most commonly used dispersive prisms, particularly in spectroscopy and optical instruments.
• It is called a dispersive prism because it separates light into its different colors (spectrum) due to the different refractive indices of the glass for different wavelengths.

Explanation

• Breathing (respiration) is a process that requires energy.
• But it does not release energy.

The characteristics of the breathing process are:

• It is a physical process.
• It occurs in the respiratory system.
• It requires energy.
• Enzymes are not involved.

Explanation

• When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion.
• If it gains electrons, it becomes a negative ion (anion).
• It it loses electrons, it becomes a positive ion (cation).

Explanation

• The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.
• It determines the identity of an element.
• It is a unique identifier for each element.

Explanation

• A change in physical appearance or state of a substance, such as a change in shape, size, color, or phase (solid, liquid, gas), is called a Physical Change.
  

The are examples of Physical Changes:

• Melting (ice cream, wax, chocolate, ice and change from solid to liquid)
• Phase changes (boiling, freezing, condensation)
• Crushing (chalk)
• Tearing (paper)
• Crumpling (aluminium foil)
• Stretching (rubber band)
• Mixing (sugar in water)
• Dissolving (sugar, salt in water)
• Moulding (clay, metals)
• Slicing (fruit)
• Forming of frost (from water vapors)
• Transition to a gas (change from liquid to gas)
• Change of durability (change in texture or strength)
• Changes to crystal form (change in crystal structure)

Explanation

• Cobalt-60 is used in radiotherapy to stop the growth of cancer cells.
  
• It emits gamma rays that target and destroy malignant cells in cancer treatment.

Explanation

• Roots, stems, and leaves of plants can produce offspring through asexual reproduction.
• It involves the growth of new individuals from vegetative parts of the parent plant.

This can occur through:

• Roots: adventitious roots, root cuttings
• Stems: stem cuttings, runners
• Leaves: leaf cuttings, leaf propagation

Explanation

The correct order of the alimentary canal, also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract:

• Mouth: Food enters the mouth, where it's chewed and mixed with saliva.
• Oesophagus: Food passes through the oesophagus, a muscular tube that transports it to the stomach.
• Stomach: The stomach secretes gastric juices to digest proteins and fats.
• Small Intestine: Nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, where specialized structures like villi and microvilli increase the surface area.

Explanation

• In the mouth, saliva contains the enzyme amylase.
• It starts the chemical digestion of carbohydrates (such as starches and sugars).
• By breaking them down into simpler sugars like maltose and dextrin.

Explanation

• Cats have a unique audible range that is adapted to their hunting and communication needs.
• They can hear sounds in the range of 45 Hz to 64,000 Hz, which is wider than humans and dogs.