Explanation

The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.

Most of the mass of the atmosphere is in the troposphere.

Most types of clouds are found in the troposphere, and almost all weather occurs within this layer.

Major layers are 

troposphere

stratosphere

mesosphere

thermosphere 

exosphere

Explanation

The Prophet (peace be upon him) stayed at Abu Ayub's house for about seven months

until the Prophet's Mosque was built on the open space where his camel had stopped.

The camel stopped at the house of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, a member of the Banu Najjar, who was regarded as the best tribe of Medina.

Abu Ayyub was born in Medina, Hejaz as Khalid bin Zayd to a Najjar family of the Banu Khazraj.

ND-21-5-2023

Explanation

Metallic bonds are the force of attraction between positive metal ions and valence electrons that are constantly moving around them.

Metallic bonds occur among metal atoms.

Whereas ionic bonds join metals to non-metals,

metallic bonding joins a bulk of metal atoms.

A sheet of aluminum foil and a copper wire are both places where you can see metallic bonding in action.

ND-21-5-2023

Explanation

اسم حالیہ وہ اسم نکرہ ہے جو فاعل یا مفعول کی حالت کو ظاہر کرے۔

مثلاً:وہ لڑکا ہستے ہوئے چل رہا تھا

آپ کھیلتے کھیلتے گر گئے،

Explanation

Smelting uses heat and a chemical-reducing agent to decompose the ore,

driving off other elements as gases or slag

and leaving the metal base behind.

Smelting is a method used in the extraction of metals that involves heating the metal oxide produced from roasting with a reducing agent, such as carbon, to obtain pure metal.

ND-21-5-2023

Explanation

Light year refers to speed of light expressed in miles per year

(it is about ten trillion kilometers or six trillion miles).

Light year is a unit of distance.

Light Year: the distance that light can travel in one year. 

The distance light travels in one year is known as the light year.

Explanation

Passage:

The first murder ever committed in the United States occurred in September 1630, shortly after the Pilgrims arrived in Massachusetts. John Billington was the father of two sons, one of the first to settle in the new Plymouth Colony near what is today Boston, and one of the people who signed the Mayflower Compact—and he was also the colony’s first murderer. Billington, in fact, was the first person to commit any crime in the colony, as far as we know today. He was also the first to be executed by the state in the New World. Billington’s crime was to shoot a man named John Newcomen, for reasons which are lost to history. But Billington’s problems had not begun on the soil of North America. He and his sons had nearly caused a mutiny aboard the Mayflower during the arduous trip across the ocean. One of his sons, in fact, fired his gun aboard the Mayflower—near an open keg of gunpowder! The flash from the gun could easily have ignited the powder, which would probably have sunk the ship. Once in Plymouth Colony, Billington’s behavior did not improve. He refused to serve any form of military duty under the leadership of Miles Standish, a duty that was seen by the colonists as part of every man’s responsibilities in the New World. He was later implicated in a plot to overthrow the entire leadership of Plymouth Colony, but a lack of evidence prompted the town’s leaders to let him go free. In the end, Billington’s rebellious and angry nature caught up with him. He was found guilty of the murder of John Newcomen and died in disgrace on the gallows.

Question:

 Based on the information in the passage, which of the following best describes John Billington? (LITERAL)

a. quiet and shy

b. angry and rebellious

c. clever and amusing

d. bold and patriotic 

Question:

Which of the following is NOT true of John Billington, according to the passage? (LITERAL)

a. He had two sons.

b. He served in the military under Miles Standish.

c. He tried to lead a mutiny.

d. He attempted to overthrow the government.

Question:

The nearest meaning of the underlined word arduous, as used in the passage, is? (INFERENTIAL)

a. difficult.

b. simple.

c. long.

d. stormy.

Question:

Why didn’t the leaders of Plymouth Colony punish Billington for rebelling against their authority? (LITERAL)

a. He was not guilty.

b. Billington was Miles Standish’s nephew.

c. He had two sons who needed him.

d. They didn’t have enough evidence. 

Question:

A good title for this passage would be (CRITICAL)

a. A History of Plymouth Colony.

b. The Injustices of Miles Standish.

c. America’s First Murderer.

d. Early American Legal Battles. 

Explanation

if the sum of two angles is 180 degrees then they are said to be supplementary angles, which form a linear angle together.

Whereas

if the sum of two angles is 90 degrees, then they are said to be complementary angles, and they form a right angle together.

Explanation

Ād was an ancient tribe mentioned frequently in the Qurʾān.

قبیلے کے ارکان، جنہیں عادات کہا جاتا ہے، ایک خوشحال قوم کی تشکیل کی یہاں تک کہ وہ ایک پرتشدد طوفان میں تباہ ہو گئے۔

According to Islamic tradition, the storm came after they had rejected the teachings of a monotheistic prophet named Hud

Ād is regarded as one of the original Arab tribes, the "lost Arabs".

Explanation

Halima Sadia was an Arabic Beduin woman.

Foster mother of prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Halimah was from the tribe of Sa'd, a subdivision of Hawazin.

Hazrat Halimah and her husband were from the tribe of Sa'd.

For 6 years Haleema took care of Prophet (PBUH)

Died: 630 CE in Madina

****

3 foster mothers of the Holy Prophet

1.        Hazrat Halema Saadia (RA)    
2.      Hazrat Khola  (RA)
3.        Hazrat Suwaiba (RA)