Explanation

Iron deficiency can lead to Anaemia, a condition characterized by:

• Low red blood cell count
• Pale skin
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness

Explanation

• Protein is referred to as "body building" food.
• Because it provides the necessary building blocks for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues in the body.
• It is essential for building and repairing muscles, bones, skin, hair, and nails, as well as producing enzymes and hormones.

Explanation

The skeleton provides a framework that supports and protects internal organs, such as:

• The skull protects the brain
• The ribcage protects the heart and lungs
• The spine protects the spinal cord
• The pelvis protects the reproductive organs

Explanation

• Asthma is a common breathing disorder that causes difficulty in breathing due to swollen air passages.
• The airways become inflamed, and the muscles around them constrict, making it hard to breathe.

Explanation

After gastrectomy, malabsorption is a common condition

That may occur due to the reduced capacity of the digestive system to properly absorb nutrients.

Impaired digestion and nutrient absorption occur without the stomach, leading to malabsorption syndromes.

Explanation

• Erythrocytes produce energy through glycolysis, which yields lactate as an end product.
• This lactate is normally transported out of the cell and into the bloodstream, but under certain conditions, it can accumulate in the cell.
• Microorganisms like bacteria and yeast, when growing under anaerobic conditions, also produce lactate as a byproduct of their metabolic processes, such as fermentation.

Explanation

• Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) that forms the cell wall of bacteria.
• It is composed of a backbone of alternating GlcNAc and MurNAc residues, cross-linked by short peptides.

Explanation

Boiling, chlorination, and filtration are all effective methods for making water safe to drink.

These processes remove or kill harmful bacteria, viruses, and impurities from drinking water.

Explanation

Vascular Cryptogams:

Cryptogams are non-flowering, seedless plants (reproduce via spores).

Vascular cryptogams have a vascular system (xylem & phloem) but do not produce seeds or fruits.

Pteridophytes (e.g., ferns, horsetails) fit this description.

Explanation

 Most ciliates exchange genetic material through a process called conjugation.

This process involves the temporary union of two ciliates, during which they exchange genetic material, specifically from their micronuclei. This exchange is a form of sexual reproduction that leads to genetic recombination and diversification within the population.