Explanation

Inspiration, or inhalation, involves the contraction of two main muscle groups:

Diaphragm: a dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.

When it contracts, it flattens and increases the volume of the chest cavity.

Intercostal muscles: muscles located between the ribs.

When they contract, they pull the ribs outward and upward, increasing the volume of the chest cavity.

Explanation

Latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a solid into a liquid (or vice versa) without changing its temperature. 

Latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a liquid into a gas (or vice versa) without changing its temperature.

Explanation

The spring constant (k) represents the force required to stretch or compress a spring by a certain distance.

The unit of spring constant is Newton per meter (N/m) or Newton per meter^-1 (Nm^-1).

Explanation

• The 4th and 5th periods in the periodic table are known as the long periods.
• These periods contain 18 elements each, making them the longest periods in the periodic table.

Important Points:

• Short periods: 1st and 2nd periods (2 and 8 elements, respectively)
• Long periods: 4th and 5th periods (18 elements each)
• Normal periods: 3rd and 6th periods (8 and 12 elements, respectively)

Explanation

• Gamma rays are commonly used for sterilization of medical instruments.
• Because of their high energy and penetrating power, which allows them to effectively kill bacteria and other microorganisms.
• Gamma radiation is also used to sterilize medical supplies.
• Such as syringes, gloves, and implantable devices.

Explanation

Scientific reasoning involves both inductive and deductive approaches:

• Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions (specific → general).
• Deductive reasoning moves from general principles to specific conclusions (general → specific).

Explanation

The semiconductor band Gap is half-filled.

The term "band gap" refers to the energy difference between the valence band's top and the conduction band's bottom.

The band gap phenomenon occurs when two adjacent allowed bands are not wide enough to span the full range of electron energy levels.

Explanation

The process of artificial rain is called cloud seeding.

It involves dispersing substances into the atmosphere to encourage precipitation from clouds.

Explanation

In a liquid, the particles are arranged in an irregular and less closely packed manner, with some freedom of movement.

Explanation

• Motion is the change in position of an object over time.
• When an object moves from one place to another, it is in motion.