Explanation

Genetic engineering is also known as genetic modification or biotechnology.

It is the process of altering an organism's genes to produce a desired trait or characteristic.

This can involve the transfer of genes from one organism to another, or the alteration of existing genes within an organism.

Explanation

Gamma (γ) radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves, such as X-rays or gamma rays, that travel in a straight line and are not affected by electric or magnetic fields.

Gamma radiation is a form of ionizing radiation and can travel several meters in air or several centimeters in dense materials before being absorbed.

Explanation

The velocity of light in a diamond is reduced due to the refractive index of the diamond. The refractive index (n) is related to the velocity of light (v) by the formula:

v = c / n

where c is the speed of light in vacuum (approximately 3x10^8 m/s).

Given the refractive index of diamond is 2.5, we can calculate the velocity of light in diamond as:

v = c / n = 3x10^8 m/s / 2.5 = 1.2x10^8 m/s

So, the correct answer is 1.2x10^8m/s!

Explanation

In an oscillating pendulum, the bob accelerates from its extreme position due to the gravitational force acting on it.

The gravitational force pulls the bob towards the equilibrium position, causing it to accelerate.

Explanation

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between light (electromagnetic radiation) and matter.

This interaction can occur with atoms, molecules, or ions in any state (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma).

Explanation

The value of Kc (equilibrium constant) increases when the concentration of the product increases.

This is because Kc is a measure of the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium.

A higher product concentration means a greater tendency for the reaction to proceed in the forward direction.

Explanation

Dynamic equilibrium is a state where the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.

However, this equilibrium can be disturbed by external stresses such as:

• Changes in concentration
• Changes in temperature
• Changes in pressure
• Adding or removing reactants or products

Explanation

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact duplicate of its DNA before cell division.

This process involves the unwinding of the double helix, the synthesis of a new complementary strand.

The formation of two identical daughter molecules.

Explanation

Transpiration is the process by which plants remove excess liquid water from their tissues and release it into the air as water vapor.

This process occurs mainly through the leaves and stems of plants and is an important part of the water cycle.

Explanation

Newton is a unit of force, not pressure.

The units of pressure are:

• Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.
• Bar is a common unit of pressure, equal to 100,000 Pa.
• Atmosphere (atm) is a unit of pressure, equal to 101,325 Pa.