Explanation

Qc (reaction quotient) is defined as the ratio of the molar concentrations of products to reactants, each raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients (coefficients in the balanced chemical equation).

Explanation

Fermenters are also known as bioreactors.

They are large containers used to grow microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, or cells on a large scale for various industrial applications, such as:

• Production of biofuels
• Biopharmaceuticals
• Food processing
• Biotechnology research

Explanation

A reflex action is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus.

The simplest reflex arc involves only two neurons:

1. Sensory neuron (afferent): carries information from the receptor to the spinal cord
2. Motor neuron (efferent): carries the response from the spinal cord to the effector (muscle or gland)

Key Point:

The longest reflex pathway involves multiple neurons.

It is called a "long reflex" or " polysynaptic reflex".

Explanation

Linear thermal expansion of a solid depends on:

• Increase in temperature
• Original length
• Properties of the material

Explanation

The springs in brakes and clutches are used to restore the original position of the components after they have been engaged or disengaged.

For example, in a brake system, the springs return the brake pads to their original position after the brake pedal is released.

Similarly, in a clutch system, the springs return the clutch plate to its original position after the clutch pedal is released.

Explanation

• Zero error is a type of systematic error that occurs when the instrument's zero point is not accurately calibrated, resulting in a consistent error in all measurements.
• Systematic errors are biases that affect the accuracy of a measurement, and zero error is a specific type of systematic error.

Explanation

In the five-kingdom system, viruses are not placed in any of the five kingdoms:

1. Monera (bacteria)
2. Protista (eukaryotic organisms)
3. Plantae (plants)
4. Animalia (animals)
5. Fungi (fungi)

Viruses are considered non-living entities.

So, in the five-kingdom system, viruses are not classified in any of the five kingdoms.

Explanation

The charges of Proton, Electron, Neutron respectively are:

• Proton: Positive charge (+1)
• Electron: Negative charge (-1)
• Neutron: Neutral charge (0)

Explanation

A covalent bond is the force of attraction that holds together two atoms that share a pair of valence electrons. The shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms. This forms a molecule consisting of two or more atoms.

Explanation

Hagfish are marine creatures that possess four hearts.

These hearts pump blood through a series of vessels.

These play a role in maintaining blood pressure and circulation.