Explanation

gluconeogenesis can be broadly considered the reversal of glycolysis

The Calvin cycle, Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle, reductive pentose phosphate cycle (RPP cycle), or C3 cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplast in photosynthetic organisms.

Explanation

The form of cell division known as mitosis is responsible for the body's expansion and repair.

while

Gametes are created as a result of the cell division process known as meiosis.

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ND22-1-2023

Explanation

Food chains are linear sequences showing the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.

They illustrate how energy and nutrients are passed from one organism to another, from producers (like plants) to consumers (like animals).

Explanation

During metaphase, homologous chromosomes (pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genes) arrange themselves on the equator of the spindle, also known as the metaphase plate.

This is a critical step in the cell division process, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Explanation

Chromosomes are thread-like structures that appear during cell division, specifically during the prophase stage of mitosis or meiosis.

They are made up of condensed chromatin and carry genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.

Explanation

Biodiversity refers to the degree of variation within or among species.

Including genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity, across different regions of the Earth.

Explanation

Bu Ali Sina (Avicenna), a renowned Persian physician and polymath, identified various diseases, including tuberculosis and meningitis.

In his seminal work "The Canon of Medicine".

Explanation

In an optical fiber, the core is made of a material with a relatively high refractive index, typically glass or plastic with a high refractive index.

This allows the light to be confined and transmitted through the fiber via total internal reflection.

The cladding surrounding the core has a lower refractive index, which helps to keep the light within the core.

Explanation

The ozone layer is a region within the stratosphere, extending from about 15 to 30 km (9 to 19 miles) above the Earth's surface.

It contains a high concentration of ozone (O3), a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. 

The ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, particularly UV-C and UV-B rays.

Explanation

• An ecosystem is a specific area where living organisms (the community) interact with each other and their non-living environment (such as water, air, soil, sunlight, and temperature).
• It's a self-contained system where living and non-living components work together to create a functional unit.