Explanation

• At the school level, curriculum is typically developed by the Provisional Government or relevant educational authorities overseeing the region.
• They are responsible for designing curricula that align with national educational standards while considering local needs and contexts.
• The process involves collaboration with educators, administrators, and sometimes input from federal government guidelines or educational institutions like universities.

Explanation

• Psychological foundations of curriculum help curriculum developers to understand the nature of learners.
• By studying various aspects of human cognition, development, and motivation, curriculum developers gain insights into how learners acquire knowledge, process information, and engage with educational materials, enabling them to design curriculum that meets the diverse needs and abilities of students.

Explanation

The six steps in the decision-making process are:

1. Establishing decision criteria
2. Developing alternatives
3. Evaluating the alternatives
4. Selecting the best alternative
5. Implementing the decision
6. Monitoring and evaluating the outcomes

Explanation

A test item is considered very easy when the value of the facility index/difficulty level is higher than 70%.

Explanation

If the scoring of the test is not affected by any factor, the quality of the test is called Objectivity.

This means that different scorers would come to the same conclusion when grading the test, ensuring fairness and consistency.

Explanation

To inculcate ethical and moral values in the pupils is not a primary aim of Naturalism in education.

Naturalism focuses on education as a means of adapting to one's environment, evolving, and ensuring survival.

Explanation

• Societal expectations are the major cause of differences in classroom behavior between boys and girls.
• These expectations shape behaviors and attitudes according to cultural norms and stereotypes.

Explanation

• Exams are held to identify the level of learning.
• They measure how well students have understood and retained the material, providing insights into their academic progress.

Explanation

• The human mind is the main source of innovations, as it generates new ideas and creative solutions.
• It is the ultimate source of innovation, and technology and research are mere tools that help shape and develop these ideas into reality.

Explanation

• An assessment that is conducted prior to the start of teaching or instruction is called an Initial Assessment.
• This assessment is used to gather baseline information about students' knowledge, skills, and abilities before beginning instruction.