Explanation

Summative assessment evaluates student learning at the end of a specific period, such as a unit, semester, or course.

It focuses on measuring the overall achievement and mastery of learning objectives or standards.

Results from summative assessments are often used for grading, reporting, and making decisions about students' progress and attainment.

Explanation

The philosophical effect can be seen upon:

• The culture: Philosophical ideas can shape cultural values, beliefs, and practices.
• The group life: Philosophical perspectives can influence social norms, behaviors, and interactions within groups.
• The Philosopher: Philosophers' own thoughts, beliefs, and actions are shaped by their philosophical ideas and reflections.

Explanation

According to John Dewey, the educational process has two sides:

1. Psychological (focusing on individual growth, development, and experience)
2. Sociological (emphasizing social interaction, collaboration, and learning from others).

This dual approach highlights the interconnectedness of personal growth and social learning in the educational journey.

Explanation

• Brainstorming is a technique used to stimulate the creative process by generating a wide range of ideas in a free-flowing and non-judgmental manner.
• It helps individuals overcome mental barriers and build confidence in their ability to think creatively and develop innovative solutions.

Explanation

Discovery, Heuristic and Project are problem-centered strategies that:

• Encourage critical thinking and problem-solving
• Focus on real-world applications and scenarios
• Require students to explore, investigate, and find solutions

Explanation

The personal study method is also known as the clinical method.

It is considered the best method for studying child behavior. This approach involves:

• Direct observation
• In-depth interviewing
• Testing and assessment
• Comprehensive analysis

Explanation

• Discovery teaching is a Constructivist approach that enables learners to explore and discover concepts on their own, promoting active learning and critical thinking.
• It encourages inquiry, investigation, and problem-solving, allowing learners to build their own understanding and knowledge.

Explanation

• According to John Dewey, education is a Social need.
• Dewey believed that education is a fundamental aspect of human socialization and that it should prepare individuals to participate actively in democratic society.
• He emphasized the importance of social interaction, collaboration, and community involvement in the learning process.

Explanation

POSDCORB is an acronym that stands for:

• Planning: Setting goals and objectives
• Organizing: Team structure and coordination
• Staffing: Recruitment and training
• Directing: Leadership and guidance
• Coordinating: Time and resource management
• Reporting: Progress updates and feedback
• Budgeting: Financial planning and control

Explanation

• Peer culture contributes to Socialization and Individualization.
• Peer culture helps individuals develop social skills, values, and norms (socialization).
• It also allows them to express themselves and develop their own identities (individualization).