Explanation

The breakdown of alveoli in the lungs is called Emphysema. 

Emphysema is a lung condition where the small air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, causing them to break down and merge into larger spaces, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. 

Explanation

The influenza pandemic occurs every 7 to 10 years and is known as a cyclic or periodic distribution

This cyclical pattern is characteristic of certain infectious diseases,

including influenza, which exhibits periodic outbreaks or epidemics on a global scale.

Explanation

Explanation

The infection agent that is most strongly associated with the development of liver cancer is the Hepatitis B virus (HBV).

HBV can be transmitted in blood, semen, or other body fluids.

The infection can be passed from:

• mother to child during childbirth
• through sexual contact
• by sharing needles that are used to inject drugs

Explanation

In epiglottitis, the epiglottis appears swollen and enlarged (the thumb or thumbprint sign)

Explanation

It has an incubation period of between 7 and 17 days after exposure

And only becomes infectious once the fever develops.

A distinctive rash appears two to three days later.

The most infectious period is during the first week of illness

Although a person with smallpox is still infectious until the last scabs fall off.

Explanation

Tumors secreting placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) are commonly associated with germ cell tumors, particularly dysgerminomas.

Dysgerminomas are malignant ovarian tumors

This tumor typically occurs in young women.

They often produce elevated levels of PLAP, which can be detected in blood tests.

Explanation

Eyesight problems, such as hypermetropia, are also known as refractive errors. 

The medical name for long-sightedness is hypermetropia, sometimes called hyperopia.

Long-sightedness leads to problems with near vision (seeing things that are close up) and the eyes may commonly become tired.

Explanation

Immunization against hepatitis B also protects against hepatitis D (HDV) infection.

Hepatitis D virus can only infect individuals who are already infected with hepatitis B.

Therefore, vaccination against hepatitis B also prevents hepatitis D infection, as the hepatitis B surface antigen is necessary for the HDV to replicate.

Explanation

Beriberi is not a lipid storage disease.

This is a nutritional deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine).

It affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems