Explanation

The permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of MgSO₄ (magnesium sulfate).

Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved minerals like calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) and magnesium sulfate, which cannot be removed by boiling the water.

Explanation

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used to make soft soaps, which are typically more soluble and have a lower melting point than soaps made with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Soft soaps are often used in liquid soaps, shampoos, and body washes.

Explanation

The flame test is a qualitative analysis technique used to identify certain elements based on the color they produce when heated in a flame.

In the case of copper halides (such as copper chloride or copper bromide), the flame test produces a bluish-green color, which indicates the presence of copper.

Explanation

Organic qualitative analysis deals with the identification of functional groups in organic compounds.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within a molecule that determine its chemical properties and reactivity.

Explanation

The Analytical Chemistry deals with instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify the matter.

Explanation

According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid is a substance that increases the H+ ion concentration in aqueous solution.

HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 all dissociate in water to produce H+ ions, making them Arrhenius acids.

CO2 does not dissociate in water to produce H+ ions.

Explanation

Qc (reaction quotient) is defined as the ratio of the molar concentrations of products to reactants, each raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients (coefficients in the balanced chemical equation).

Explanation

• CH3-OH is the molecular formula for methanol, which is an alcohol.

Key Points:

• CH3-CHO is the molecular formula for acetaldehyde, which is an aldehyde.
• CH3-CH2-O-CH3 is the molecular formula for diethyl ether, which is an ether.
• HCOOH is the molecular formula for formic acid, which is a carboxylic acid.

Explanation

Water is neutral and does not have a taste.

The taste buds on our tongues can detect five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami (savory).

Water does not contain any molecules that stimulate these taste buds, making it tasteless.

Explanation

The composition of dry air is:

1. Nitrogen (N2) - approximately 78.08% by volume
2. Oxygen (O2) - approximately 20.95% (21%) by volume
3. Argon (Ar) - approximately 0.93% by volume
4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - approximately 0.04% by volume (varies with location and time)