Explanation

Chloroplasts are double membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells and some algae, responsible for photosynthesis.

The stroma is the semifluid protein-containing region within the chloroplast where light-dependent reactions occur.

Explanation

Bioenergetics is the process by which living organisms convert free energy into different forms.

Such as light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis, or chemical energy from nutrients to kinetic energy in cellular respiration.

This conversion is essential for maintaining life and supporting various cellular activities.

Explanation

Centrioles are composed of 27 microtubules arranged in a specific pattern of nine triplets (9 x 3 = 27).

These microtubules are highly stable and form a rigid structure that plays a critical role in the formation of cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers during cell division.

Explanation

The resolution of a microscope is defined as the smallest distance between two points that can still be distinguished as separate.

The field of view of a microscope is defined as the largest distance between two points that can be observed simultaneously without moving the sample or the microscope.

Explanation

• Photolysis is the process by which water (H2O) is split into hydrogen ions (H+), electrons, and oxygen (O2) in the presence of light.
• This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts during photosynthesis and is driven by light energy.

Explanation

• Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in germ cells (reproductive cells) to produce gametes (sperm or egg cells).
• It does not produce new somatic cells (non-reproductive cells).

Explanation

Meiosis in animals produces gametes, which are the reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells) that are necessary for sexual reproduction.

Meiosis is the process by which a diploid (having two sets of chromosomes) cell divides to produce four haploid (having one set of chromosomes) cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Explanation

• In the context of phloem transport, "source" refers to the location where sucrose is produced (usually leaves).
• While "sink" refers to the location where sucrose is consumed or stored (e.g., roots, stems, fruits, and storage organs).
• A mature leaf is typically a source, not a sink, as it produces sucrose through photosynthesis.

Explanation

Mitosis is a type of cell division that involves the replication of a cell's DNA and the division of the cell into two daughter cells. It is essential for:

• Growth: Mitosis allows an organism to grow and develop by increasing the number of cells.
• Repair: Mitosis helps replace damaged or dead cells with new ones.
• Asexual reproduction: Mitosis enables asexual reproduction, where an organism produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Explanation

• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not steroid synthesis.
• Steroid synthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles, but not in ribosomes.