Explanation

The witnesses are required for the financial affairs of transaction 

two male or one male and two female witnesses

This is interpreted by a number of Muslim scholars so as to imply testimony of two women being equal to a single man.

***

Explanation

Council of Islamic Ideology is a constitutional body of Pakistan, responsible for giving legal advice on Islamic issues to the government and the Parliament.

Founded: August 1, 1962

Headquarters: Islamabad

Explanation

Here was cheating shows past tense.

We use second form of verb (knew) in simple sentence of Past Indefinite Tense.

The examiner knew that the candidate was cheating.

Explanation

Set upon/on is a phrase.

Set upon/on means اچانک حملہ کردینا

The robbers set upon the unarmed travellers 

Explanation

Could is a modal verb.

Could can be used for polite/formal request.

Could I have some more tea please?

کیا میں مزید چائے پی سکتا ہوں؟

Explanation

Consonance means اتفاق

Discord means نا اتفاقی 

****

Explanation

Unwonted means خلاف معمول

Customary means رسمی 

Explanation

Surah Al Baqrah is the longest Surah of Holy Quran.

Ayat E Mudayana of Al-Baqara is the longest verse at the longest chapter in Quran.

Explanation

Here twenty years ago indicates past tense. 

We use second form of verb (completed) in simple sentence of this tense. 

She completed her degree twenty years ago means اس نے بیس سال پہلے اپنی ڈگری مکمل کی تھی

Explanation

I have never seen him after that unfortunate incident.

اس ناخوشگوار واقعے کے بعد میں نے اسے کبھی نہیں دیکھا

The phrase "I have never seen him" implies the last meeting was before a specific point in time.

"After" fits best to indicate that the incident marks the point since which there has been no meeting.