Explanation

Red phosphorus is the form of phosphorus used in safety matches.

It's found on the striking surface of the matchbox, not in the match head itself.

This design separation prevents the match from spontaneously igniting. 

Explanation

Neon gas emits a bright glow when electrified, making it ideal for advertising signs.

It produces red-orange light but can create different colors when mixed with other gases.

Explanation

Fractional distillation separates the components of petroleum based on their boiling points.

It produces useful products like petrol, diesel, kerosene, and more.

Explanation

Peptide Bond Hydrolysis: Each peptide bond (linking two amino acids) requires 1 water molecule to break.

4-Amino Acid Chain: A tetrapeptide has 3 peptide bonds, thus needing 3 water molecules for complete hydrolysis.

Example:

Ala-Gly-Val-Ser (4 amino acids) → Broken into 4 separate amino acids using 3 H₂O molecules.

Explanation

Methane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing heat.

This is a combustion reaction, typical for hydrocarbons burning in oxygen.

Explanation

Polymerization is the chemical process where small molecules (monomers) join to form large chains (polymers), which make up plastics.

Petroleum-derived hydrocarbons are used in this process to create various plastic materials like polyethylene and polypropylene.

Explanation

The nucleus is primarily composed of protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons.

Explanation

In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is the paper, which is made of cellulose fibers.

It holds the sample in place while the mobile phase (solvent) moves through it.

Explanation

Noble gases like helium, neon, and argon are placed in Group VIII (Group 18 in modern IUPAC numbering).

They are inert.

They have a full outer electron shell.

It making them stable and unreactive.

Explanation

Isotopes: scientific name of the atoms of the same element with different mass numbers.