Explanation

70% of glass is made from sand (silica, SiO₂), the primary component.

The remaining 30% includes soda ash (Na₂CO₃) and lime (CaO) to lower melting points and stabilize the glass.

Explanation

Ozonolysis is the reaction where ozone (O₃) breaks double bonds in alkenes to form ozonides.

This process is used to determine the position of double bonds in organic compounds.

Explanation

Ethane thiol (R–SH) is more acidic than ethanol (R–OH) because the S–H bond is weaker and easier to ionize than the O–H bond.

Sulfur is larger and less electronegative, stabilizing the thiolate ion better than oxygen stabilizes the alkoxide.

Explanation

• Only about 2.5% (3%) of the water on Earth is freshwater, which is vital for human consumption, agriculture, and ecosystem health.
• The remaining 97.5% (97%) is saltwater, found in oceans, seas, and salt lakes.

Explanation

The formula for calculating the density of an ideal gas is d = PM/RT, where: 

• d: is the density of the gas
• P: is the pressure of the gas
• M: is the molar mass of the gas
• R: is the ideal gas constant
• T: is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin

The ideal gas law is expressed as PV = nRT, where 'n' is the number of moles.

Density (d) is mass (m) divided by volume (V), so d = m/V.

We can relate the number of moles (n) to mass (m) and molar mass (M) using n = m/M.

Substituting this into the ideal gas law, we get PV = (m/M)RT.

Rearranging the equation to solve for density (d = m/V), we get d = PM/RT. 

Explanation

A sigma (σ) bond is formed by the head-on (linear) overlap of atomic orbitals.

It is the strongest type of covalent bond and exists in single bonds.

Explanation

A nuclear reactor is a system designed to initiate and control a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.

It is mainly used for power generation, research, and production of isotopes.

Explanation

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere,

It is the most abundant gas.

It is essential for plant growth as.

It is a key component of proteins and DNA.

Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7.

It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772.

Explanation

The homogeneous mixture of two or more than two components is called Solution.

Filtration separates solids from liquids using a filter.

Sublimation & Distillation separate components based on phase changes (solid to gas & liquid boiling points).

Explanation

A reducing agent, also known as a reductant.

It is a substance that causes another substance to be reduced by donating electrons to it.

In the process, the reducing agent itself becomes oxidized, as it loses electrons.

This means that the reducing agent's oxidation state increases.