Explanation

Explanation

Passage for Reading & Comprehension

Accidents are common these days, especially road accidents. There are some reasons why these accidents happen and cause injury or damage. Many people are killed or seriously injured in these accidents. One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers. There are road safety rules that most people do not follow, and that is why accidents take place every day and everywhere.

According to the latest information, all those who use the roads are responsible for accidents. They include pedestrians, truck and bus drivers. Motorcyclists drive very fast without using helmets to protect their heads. Some of them perform dangerous and difficult stunts. Children play in the streets and in this way, they invite dangers and often get hurt. Sometimes they risk their lives while playing dangerous sports. Some dirty little street urchins run after moving vehicles just for fun. Some naughty children run in front of moving vehicles. Some people cross busy roads just to gain a few split seconds. School children cross roads in a hurry from the wrong side. All these foolish, hasty movements often cause accidents.

However, there are some suitable measures through which bad accidents can be averted. Of them, safety factors are most important. They include certain plans. The media can give people road safety instructions. Local police can impart knowledge about traffic-safe travel, hazard-free driving, and risk-free rides.

In this regard, parents can play an important role and save their children’s lives by advising them not to endanger their lives on busy roads and in or at places exposed to danger. They must not allow their children to drive without a driving license. Moreover, they should advise them on road safety rules, traffic rules, and safe driving.

Comprehension Questions:

1. The first paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______?

Road traffic accidents

2. The second paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______?

Major reasons why accidents occur

3. The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______?

Safety factors that can make roads safe for use

4. The last (fourth) paragraph of the passage, containing some pieces of advice for parents, conveys an ______ sense of safety of families.

Instructive

5. Style of writing or mode of communication in which the above passage has been composed is ______?

Expository

Synonyms:

6. Many people are killed or seriously injured in these accidents.

Critically means تنقیدی طور پر

Seriously means سنجیدگی سے

7. One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.

Drowsy means غنودگی

Sleepy means نیند

8. According to the latest information, all those who use roads are responsible for accidents.

The most recent means سب سے حالیہ

The latest means تازہ ترین

9. Some naughty children run in front of moving vehicles.

Mischievous means شرارتی

Naughty means شرارتی

10. However, there are some suitable measures through which bad accidents can be averted.

Avoided means گریز کیا

Averted means ٹال گیا

Antonyms:

11. Motorcyclists drive very fast without using helmets to protect their heads.

With means کے ساتھ

Without means بغیر

12. Children play in the streets and in this way they invite dangers.

Avert means ٹالو

Invite means دعوت دیں

13. Some people cross busy roads just to gain a few split seconds.

Clear means صاف

Busy means مصروف

14. All these hasty movements often cause accidents.

Deliberate means جان بوجھ کر

Hasty means جلد بازی

15. Of them, safety factors are most important.

Least important means کم سے کم اہم

Most important means سب سے اہم

Explanation

Passage

Although not the longest river in America, the Rio Grande is one of the most important. But, unlike other significant rivers, it is not used for shipping. In fact, oceangoing ships cannot navigate the waters. No, what makes the Rio Grande so important is its location. Since 1846, it has been the official border of Texas and Mexico.

Longest is a/an _____?

Adjective

Rio Grande is at the border of ______?

Texas and Mexico

In which country is Rio Grande?

America

Explanation

Passage

Education is very necessary for every child, whether boy or girl. It helps a person study new things with skill and learn about the facts of the world. Education plays an important role in the protection of women's rights. It also helps to prevent discrimination based on gender. Education increases productivity in their work. An educated woman has skills, information, talent, and self-confidence that make her a better mother, employee, and resident of the country. Women constitute almost half of our population. Men and women are like two aspects of a coin. Thus, they need equal opportunities to contribute to the development of the country. Both cannot survive without each other.

1. An educated woman has skills, information, talent, and self-confidence that make her a better ______, employee, and resident of the country.

Mother

2. Education is a/an _____?

Noun

3. _____ helps to prevent discrimination based on gender.

Education

Explanation

Passage

Once upon a time there was cap seller who used to go to other towns to sell caps. One day he was going to a town. There happened to be a forest on his way he decided to have a short nap under a shady tree as he felt tired. he placed his bundles of caps beside him as he lay down he feel a sleep there lived monkeys in that forest the monkeys are mischievous creature they came down when they saw the cap seller sleeping they started picking the caps from the bundle the monkeys wore caps and started playing jumping, here and there when the cap seller wake up he found all the caps missing the bundle was lying empty seeing this he became worried as ware the caps had gone

اوپر دیے گے پیرے کو پڑھیں اور نیچے دیے گے سوالات کے جواب دیں 

Q.1 Why did the cap seller decide to take a short nap?

A.      He was hungry.

B.      He was lazy.

C.      He was tired.

D.      He had sold all the caps so decided to take rest.

Q.2 Where did he place the bundle of caps before lying down?

A.      On a nearby tree

B.      Under a heavy stone

C.       In a cave

D.      Beside him

Q.3 Why did the cap seller become worried when he woke up?

A.   His money was stolen

B.   He had forgotten the way to the town

C.    His caps were missing

D.   He was late.

Q.4 Which characteristic of monkeys is mentioned in the paragraph?

A.   Shy

B.   Cruel

C.    Naughty

D.   Creative

Explanation

Passage

Explanation

Explanation

Shipbuilders never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the Titanic in the Northern Sea should never have happened. It was well designed and carefully maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It was thoroughly inspected a day before its fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Titanic broke up and sank after colliding with an iceberg in the cold and still night. It went down so quickly that most of those on board, caught in their dark, survived. The rest died of hypothermia before the rescuers could pick them from the sea. The final death toll was almost 1500. However, there were many questions about the sinking of the Titanic and why so many survivors were men in the prime of their life, while most of the dead were women, children, and the elderly.

. One can understand from reading the passage that:

(A) The life-saving equipment did not work and the lifeboats could not be lowered.

(B) The design fault and incompetent crew of the Titanic were responsible for its sinking.

(C) One hundred and fifty people managed to leave the ship but died in freezing water.

(D) Most of the victims were trapped inside their cabins with no chance to save themselves.

. It is clear from the passage that the survivors of Titanic:

(A) Helped each other overcome post-traumatic depression.

(B) Were mostly young men.

(C) Helped save hundreds of lives.

(D) Did not tell the investigators anything about the accident.

. According to the passage, when Titanic sank:

(A) Few of the passengers were fast asleep.

(B) There were proper numbers of lifeboats on board.

(C) Faster reaction from the crew could have saved more lives.

(D) All passengers had come on the open deck before Titanic sank.

. The final death toll of the sinking of Titanic was:

(A) 50 including women, children, and elderly.

(B) Almost 1500 including men in the prime of their life.

(C) Almost 1500 including mostly women, children, and the elderly.

(D) Almost 1350.

Explanation

Distill the passage into a précis and suggest an apt title. (20)

Homi K. Bhabha, a prominent postcolonial scholar, advances a profoundly philosophical yet grounded concept of nationalism, positing that "Nations, like narratives, lose their origins in the myths of time and only fully encounter their horizons in the mind's eye," thereby highlighting the complex interplay between the imagined, the mythical, and the material in the construction of national identity. Nations, like narratives, are constructed through historical contingency, shaped by ethnic obsessions and regional affiliations that often obscure their origins. As a result, national identities can become rigid and exclusionary, antagonizing the notion of humanism envisioned by ancient philosophers like Socrates and Plato. This idea has implications for our understanding of humanism, a cornerstone of intellectual traditions from Goethe and Rousseau’s emphasis on the universal human experience to Al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd’s advocacy for reason and compassion as bridges between cultures.

Al-Ghazali’s "The Alchemy of Happiness" balances promoting local identity and warning against provincial, insular nationalism, making him a votary of cultural exchange and understanding. He advocates for an evenhanded approach, balancing love for one’s land with justice for all citizens. In "The Revival of Religious Sciences," Al-Ghazali emphasizes balancing universalism and particularism, recognizing that national identity must be tempered by justice and equality. By confronting reductive citizenship, Al-Ghazali offers an antidote to exclusivist nationalist ideologies while exploring the dialectic of local and universal humanism.

Bhabha’s work also encourages us to critically interrogate shared humanist and nationalist ideological interests. However, the rise of exclusionary nationalism has resulted in a rigid and narrow definition of national affiliations over the years, resulting in legal, economic, and social discriminations based on ethnic and nationalistic biases. Altogether, nationalism is a double-edged sword: it fosters a collective identity while also engendering exclusionary politics and violent consequences.

On one hand, nations have become increasingly aware of the need to align themselves with pluralism and egalitarian schemes. However, the desire to dominate, as exemplified by the German geographer Friedrich Ratzel’s idea of organic borders, continues to have a silent appeal, often manifesting in bizarre and violent forms, such as the recent bloodshed in Palestine and the earlier Bosnian massacre. This scary trail is long and hard to absorb, especially when democracy itself has been exposed as a mere façade, leaving many to blurt out frustrations and disillusionments.

As the philosopher Allama Iqbal aptly put it in his famous poem "The Devil’s Parliament," democracy is merely the outer crust, while the essence is imperialist. Iqbal’s words ring true, warning us against the uncritical subservience and adoration of nationalism, which can lead to historical myopia, strengthening dictatorial hegemony and incarcerating the human spirit within the narrow confines of love for the land. Perhaps democracy is the safest carrier of the seed of nationalism, transporting it under the guise of economic equality. Still, weaker nations face the political bravado of the powerful, leaving the meager nations to be content with mere paeans of love for border and territorial integrity.

Imperialism planted the embryo of nationalism, abandoning the wretched children of the earth to fend for themselves, left to navigate the treacherous waters of self-determination. The power of nationalism is a potent form of Volksgeist - a term coined by Johann Gottfried Herder to describe a nation’s unique spirit or character - that can be both unifying and divisive, depending on how it is wielded. In this context, a more frugal and nuanced understanding of nationalism is needed, one that balances national pride with a commitment to universal values and human rights.

Title: Nationalism: A Double-Edged Sword

This précised version captures the essence of the passage while maintaining clarity and conciseness. Let me know if you need refinements!

The précis contains 126 words in total.

The passage contains 582 words in total

Explanation

Passage: (AI Generated Passage for practice)

The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, marked a significant shift in human history. It brought about rapid technological advancements, urbanization, and changes in social and economic structures. The introduction of steam engines, mechanized production processes, and new transportation methods revolutionized industries such as textiles, manufacturing, and transportation.

One of the consequences of the Industrial Revolution was the growth of cities as people migrated from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment opportunities. This urbanization led to overcrowding, pollution, and social challenges, but it also spurred innovations in infrastructure, sanitation, and public services.

The impact of the Industrial Revolution extended beyond Europe and North America, influencing global trade, colonization, and the rise of capitalism. It laid the foundation for modern industrial societies while also raising concerns about environmental sustainability and social inequalities.

MCQs with Answers:

1. What was a significant outcome of the Industrial Revolution? Answer: B) Rapid technological advancements and urbanization.

2. Which of the following industries experienced revolutionary changes during the Industrial Revolution? Answer: C) Textiles, manufacturing, and transportation.

3. What was a consequence of urbanization during the Industrial Revolution? Answer: A) Overcrowding, pollution, and social challenges.

4. How did the Industrial Revolution impact global affairs? Answer: D) Influenced global trade, colonization, and the rise of capitalism.

5. What concerns arose due to the Industrial Revolution? Answer: A) Environmental sustainability and social inequalities.