The sentence has one independent clause: "Neither Salma nor Aisha ate dinner after a long day at work."
There are no dependent clauses or coordinating conjunctions linking multiple independent clauses, so it is a simple sentence despite having a compound subject.
This is a compound sentence because it contains two independent clauses ("Samer and Ali played in the garden" and "read in the study room") connected by the conjunction and.
Each clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, which is characteristic of a compound sentence.
"I am staying inside" is a complete sentence with subject and verb, expressing a full thought — this makes it an independent clause.
A dependent clause cannot stand alone and usually begins with words like because, if, although, etc. The part "because it is raining" is the dependent clause here.