Explanation

LUNACY  پاگل پن

Madness  جنون

Explanation

 Lattice energy increases with:  

- Higher charge of ions  

- Smaller size of ions  

Among the given, Na⁺ is common. F⁻ is the smallest anion, so NaF has the strongest electrostatic attraction → highest lattice energy.

Explanation

Two light waves that are not coherent cannot produce interference.

Interference requires that the light waves maintain a constant phase relationship, which is a characteristic of coherent sources.

Non-coherent sources have fluctuating phase differences, leading to the wash-out of interference patterns.

Explanation

The process of detecting a change and signaling the effector's response in a control system is called a feedback mechanism.

This mechanism involves a receptor detecting a change, a control center (integrator) processing the information, and an effector carrying out the necessary response to maintain or restore a desired state. 

Explanation

1. The herpes virus capsid contains 162 capsomeres

. These capsomeres are arranged in an icosahedral shape, with 12 pentons (at the vertices) and 150 hexons (on the faces). 

Explanation

In angiosperms (flowering plants), the endosperm is a triploid (3n) tissue that provides nourishment to the developing embryo.

It is formed during double fertilization, where one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote, and another sperm nucleus fuses with two polar nuclei in the embryo sac to create the triploid endosperm.

This triploid nature is a key characteristic of angiosperms and distinguishes them from gymnosperms, where the endosperm is haploid. 

Explanation

The pressure of oxygen inside a bomb calorimeter is typically 20-40 atmospheres or 20-40 bar,

It is equivalent to 2026.5 to 4053 kPa or 2.0265 to 4.053 MPa.

This high pressure ensures complete combustion of the sample being tested. 

Explanation

The speed of sound is greater in solids because they have a higher density and elasticity compared to liquids and gases.

This allows sound waves to travel faster through solids

Due to the closer proximity of molecules and their stronger intermolecular forces, which facilitate the rapid transfer of vibrational energy. 

Explanation

The area of the parallelogram formed by two adjacent sides, A and B, with an angle θ between them is given by the formula: Area = |A||B|sin(θ).

This is equivalent to the magnitude of the cross product of the vectors A and B, which can be written as |A x B|.