Explanation

Protoplasm includes the plasma membrane and all the contents within it, i.e., the cytoplasm + nucleus.

It is the living part of the cell responsible for all life activities.

Explanation

In an ideal gas, it is assumed that there are no intermolecular forces between molecules.

Hence, the potential energy associated with the molecules is considered zero.

Explanation

An ideal op-amp has very high input resistance, often in the megaohms range.

This prevents it from drawing current from the input source.

Explanation

Thomas Young demonstrated the wave nature of light through his famous double-slit experiment.

This experiment showed interference patterns, confirming light behaves as a wave.

Explanation

Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment essential for photosynthesis.

It is found in all photosynthetic organisms except bacteria.

It plays a central role in capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy.

Explanation

In projectile motion, the vertical velocity changes due to gravity.

It increases downward and decreases upward, so it varies at every point.

Explanation

In tracheophytes (vascular plants), the male gametophyte develops from a microspore, forming a microgametophyte (pollen grain).

The microgametophyte produces male gametes (sperm cells) for fertilization.

Explanation

A holoenzyme is the complete, active enzyme, formed when an apoenzyme (protein part) binds with its cofactor or coenzyme.

It consists of a polypeptide chain plus non-protein component, making it catalytically active.

Explanation

In beta decay (β⁻ emission), a neutron in the nucleus converts into a proton and emits a beta particle (electron).

This increases the atomic number by 1, but the atomic mass remains nearly the same.

Explanation

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation or a scientific problem.

It is testable through experiments and forms the basis for further investigation.