Explanation

Kala azar (also known as visceral leishmaniasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani.

It is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female sandflies.

Explanation

Diffusion is the process where particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Ink spreads evenly in water due to molecular motion, resulting in uniform distribution.

Explanation

Optimum Temperature is the specific temperature at which an enzyme exhibits peak catalytic activity.

Deviations (higher/lower) reduce efficiency, as enzymes are temperature-sensitive proteins.

Explanation

Freons (CFCs) and halons are stable in the troposphere but break down under UV light in the stratosphere.

This breakdown releases chlorine and bromine, which destroy ozone molecules in the ozone layer.

Explanation

Modern psychologists focus on the value of satisfaction as a motivator in the learning process.

Satisfaction enhances retention and engagement in learners.

Explanation

The true aim of education is holistic development — gaining practical skills, positive habits, and useful knowledge.

It focuses on preparing individuals for life, not just exams or jobs.

Explanation

ضابطہ کا مطلب ہوتا ہے قاعدہ یا اصول جو کسی نظام یا طریقہ کار کو منظم کرنے کے لیے بنایا جاتا ہے۔

یہ لفظ اکثر قوانین، اداروں یا نظم و ضبط کے سیاق میں استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

Explanation

Step 1: Calculate the mean of the marks.

Mean = (6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 4 + 20) / 6

= 60 / 6

= 10

Step 2: Calculate the mean deviation.

Mean Deviation = (|6-10| + |8-10| + |10-10| + |12-10| + |4-10| + |20-10|) / 6

= (4 + 2 + 0 + 2 + 6 + 10) / 6

= 24 / 6

= 4

Step 3: Calculate the coefficient of dispersion.

Coefficient of Dispersion = Mean Deviation / Mean

= 4 / 10

= 0.4

Explanation

The relation between alpha (α) and beta (β) is given by:

β = α / (1 - α)

Given α = 1/2:

β = (1/2) / (1 - 1/2)

= (1/2) / (1/2)

= 1

Explanation

The relation between the coefficient of volume expansion (γ) and the coefficient of linear expansion (α) is: γ = 3α

This relation holds true for isotropic solids.

The coefficient of volume expansion is approximately three times the coefficient of linear expansion.