Explanation

This is a conditional sentence.

We use subject + past tense in first clause, subject + would + first form of verb in such type of sentences.

If I had money, I would purchase it now.

Explanation

Gold can be beaten into extremely thin sheets (just a few atoms thick), ideal for alpha particle passage.

This thinness allowed alpha particles to pass through with minimal obstruction, helping observe atomic structure.

Explanation

The sentence uses "by next year" — a future time marker, so Future Perfect Tense is correct.

"Will have learned" fits the structure: Subject + will have + past participle.

Explanation

Complete combustion of hydrocarbons (like methane, propane, etc.) in the presence of oxygen produces:

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
• Water (H₂O)

Therefore, the combustion products of hydrocarbons are carbon dioxide and water.

Explanation

Tar is the major component of particulate matter inhaled in cigarette smoke.

It contains several carcinogens.

It is responsible for lung damage.

Explanation

The change in wavelength (Δλ) is given by the formula: Δλ = h/m0c (1 - cosθ), where θ is the scattering angle.

The maximum change in wavelength occurs when cosθ is -1, which happens when θ = 180°.

Explanation

Centripetal force is any force that keeps an object moving in a circular path, directed toward the center of the circle.

Tension in a string, gravitational force (like planets orbiting), and friction (like a car turning) can all provide centripetal force.

Explanation

For a polyatomic gas, Cv is typically 3R, accounting for translational and rotational degrees of freedom.

This value can increase with temperature as vibrational modes become excited, contributing to the specific heat.

Explanation

Let's denote the mass and radius of both objects as M and R, respectively.

For a thin-walled cylinder about its central axis, I_cylinder = MR².

For a solid sphere about its diameter, I_sphere = (2/5)MR².

The ratio is I_cylinder / I_sphere = MR² / ((2/5)MR²) = 5/2.

Explanation

A quadratic equation has the form ax² + bx + c = 0, and it typically has two roots. 

These roots can be real or complex, and they can be distinct or repeated (in the case of a double root).