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Explanation

The sternum helps protect the internal thoracic viscera – such as :

• the heart
• lungs
• esophagus.

The sternum (or breastbone) is a flat bone located at the anterior aspect of the thorax.

It lies in the midline of the chest and has a 'T' shape.

As part of the bony thoracic wall,

Explanation

The B vitamins, particularly B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin),

It plays an essential role in energy metabolism and muscle function.

They help convert carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy

That the muscles can use during physical activity. 

Explanation

Community Participation in PHC involves involving:

• local communities in decision-making,
• planning, 
• delivery of health services,
• recognizing their valuable insights and fostering effective,
• context-specific healthcare interventions.

It recognizes that communities possess valuable knowledge about their health needs and priorities

Explanation

Controlling diabetes often involves:

• reducing carbohydrate intake to manage blood sugar levels 
• increasing intake of healthy fats to provide sustained energy and support overall health.

This approach stabilizes blood glucose levels while promoting a balanced and nutritious diet.

Explanation

Certain poisonous substances in the body can delay the process of putrefaction. They include:

• Carbolic acid (Phenol)
• Arsenic and antimony
• Strychnine
• Nux vomica (plant)
• Zinc chloride, ZnCl2
• Morphine
• Aconitine

Putrefaction is referred the breaking down of the body of an animal post-mortem

Explanation

In assessing the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition the most practical indicator would be weight for height.

This measurement provides a quick and reliable assessment of acute malnutrition,

as it reflects recent weight changes relative to height. 

Explanation

Laudable means قابل تعریف

Disgraceful means ذلت آمیز

Explanation

The most likely diagnosis is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD).

A premature systolic murmur on the left side with normal heart sounds is characteristic of VSD.

It often presents with a systolic murmur due to turbulent blood flow through the defect.

Explanation

Canagliflozin is an SGLT-2 inhibitor used to manage type 2 diabetes by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys.

Explanation

IMNCI provides health care to children up to 5 years of age.

It aiming to reduce preventable mortality and promote healthy growth by addressing major causes of illness and morbidity.