Explanation

Controlling diabetes often involves:

• reducing carbohydrate intake to manage blood sugar levels 
• increasing intake of healthy fats to provide sustained energy and support overall health.

This approach stabilizes blood glucose levels while promoting a balanced and nutritious diet.

Explanation

Certain poisonous substances in the body can delay the process of putrefaction. They include:

• Carbolic acid (Phenol)
• Arsenic and antimony
• Strychnine
• Nux vomica (plant)
• Zinc chloride, ZnCl2
• Morphine
• Aconitine

Putrefaction is referred the breaking down of the body of an animal post-mortem

Explanation

In assessing the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition the most practical indicator would be weight for height.

This measurement provides a quick and reliable assessment of acute malnutrition,

as it reflects recent weight changes relative to height. 

Explanation

The influenza pandemic occurs every 7 to 10 years and is known as a cyclic or periodic distribution

This cyclical pattern is characteristic of certain infectious diseases,

including influenza, which exhibits periodic outbreaks or epidemics on a global scale.

Explanation

Serum differs from blood in lacking clotting factors.

It is separated from the blood when a blood sample is allowed to clot

And further centrifuged to separate the red blood cells and the clot.

It does not contain any proteins required for the clotting of blood.

Explanation

A healthy adult's diet should consist of 45% to 65% of daily calories from carbohydrates.

The percentage of daily total calories obtained from carbohydrates can vary depending on factors such as:

• age
• sex
• activity level
• individual health goals. 

Explanation

In a renal transplant, regulating protein intake is crucial to minimize strain on the transplanted kidney.

Excessive protein consumption can lead to complications such as proteinuria and kidney damage.

Explanation

She is going to quit her job unless they give her a pay rise.

وہ اپنی نوکری چھوڑ دے گی جب تک کہ وہ اسے تنخواہ میں اضافہ نہ کریں۔

"We use 'unless' to express a condition.

It means if the company doesn't give her a pay raise, she'll quit."

Explanation

Medical ethics upholds privacy as the right of individuals to withhold information about:

• themselves
• encompassing personal health details
• medical history
• treatment preferences

This principle respects individuals' autonomy and confidentiality in healthcare interactions.

Explanation

The route through which food is directly introduced into the stomach or intestine is called the "enteral route."

“Enteral” means related to the intestines.

enteral route also known as tube feeding and enteral nutrition (EN)

They deliver nutrients directly to the stomach or intestines through a thin flexible tube.

It is administered through a nasogastric tube placed via the nose, or a percutaneous tube placed into the stomach (gastrostomy) or the small intestine (jejunostomy).