Explanation

To solve the separable differential equation:

(1 + x)dy - ydx = 0

Rearrange the equation:

(1 + x)dy = ydx

Separate the variables:

dy/y = dx/(1 + x)

Integrate both sides:

∫(dy/y) = ∫(dx/(1 + x))

ln(y) = ln(1 + x) + C

y = e^(ln(1 + x) + C)

= e^C * e^(ln(1 + x))

= c(1 + x)

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen (H₂) to a compound in the presence of a catalyst (like Ni, Pt, or Pd).

When cis-2-butene undergoes hydrogenation, it gets fully saturated, converting into butane (C₄H₁₀).

Explanation

Debentures are a form of long-term debt instrument used by companies to raise capital.

They are repayable after a fixed period and carry a fixed interest rate.

Explanation

Intangible assets are long-term assets that do not have a physical form but hold value, like patents or trademarks.

They provide future economic benefits to a business without physical existence.

Explanation

Stock taking is a physical count and valuation of inventory at the end of the financial year.

It provides an accurate measure of closing stock, essential for preparing final accounts.

Explanation

Environment means ماحول

Explanation

Financial asset valuation is primarily based on the present value of expected future cash flows, such as interest or dividends.

This approach discounts future income to reflect its value in today's terms, helping investors assess true worth.