Explanation

 Security clearance is mandatory for sensitive government positions

Especially those involving access to classified information or secure facilities,

But it is generally not required for university admission, general medical exams, or driving licenses

Explanation

The Official Secrets Act applies to:

• Persons in service of Government (including military personnel, civil servants, and other government employees)
• All citizens of Pakistan (regardless of their location or status)

Explanation

The Rule of Plea of Alibi is applicable in criminal cases.

It is a defense strategy where the accused provides evidence that they were elsewhere when the crime was committed, thereby arguing they could not have been involved.

Explanation

NACTA (National Counter Terrorism Authority) was established under the Act of 2013.

It was created to oversee and coordinate counter-terrorism efforts in Pakistan.

Explanation

A functional legal system is important for a country as it:

• Serves as a norm of conduct for citizens (establishing standards for acceptable behavior)
• Provides a source of proper guidelines and order upon the behavior for all citizens (promoting social order, stability, and predictability)

Explanation

Remedies to Human Rights issues can be addressed through:

• Ensuring civilian control of military and security forces (preventing human rights abuses by security forces)
• Ensuring due process, fairness, and impartiality in legal proceedings (protecting individuals' rights and preventing arbitrary detention and torture)
• Strengthening judicial independence (ensuring that the judiciary can hold perpetrators accountable and provide effective remedies to victims)

Explanation

'Head of District Police' means a "District Police Officer."

This officer is responsible for overseeing the police operations within a district.

Explanation

In Official Secrets Act, a "place belonging to the Government" typically includes:

1. Places owned by a government department (e.g., government buildings, lands, etc.)
2. Places rented by a government department (e.g., leased properties, etc.)
3. Places occupied by a government department (e.g., offices, premises, etc.)

Explanation

A fact-finding inquiry report is admissible in evidence:

Before a Tribunal (e.g., administrative or quasi-judicial bodies).

Before a Court (judicial proceedings).

Before any authority (statutory or regulatory authorities).

Legal Basis:

Such reports are generally admissible under Section 35 of the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (Pakistan's Evidence Act), which allows documentary evidence from official inquiries if relevant and properly conducted.

Explanation

Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights include:

• The right to work in just and favorable conditions.
• The right to social protection.
• The right to an adequate standard of living.
• The right to the highest attainable standards of physical and mental well-being.