Explanation

When someone is choking, they may exhibit signs of distress, such as:

• Clutching at their throat or chest
• Inability to speak or breathe
• Panicked or distressed expression
• Turning blue or pale

Explanation

If you are with an adult who is unresponsive and not breathing, call 999 or your local emergency number and have the adult start CPR by giving chest compressions.

This can help keep oxygen flowing to the person's brain and other vital organs until help arrives.

Explanation

If someone is unresponsive but breathing, call 999 or your local emergency number and follow these steps:

• Roll them onto their side in the recovery position, with their head tilted back to keep their airway open.
• Stay with them and monitor their condition until help arrives.

This position can help keep their airway open and prevent choking.

Explanation

LOC stands for Level of Consciousness.

It refers to a patient's state of awareness and responsiveness, ranging from alert and oriented to unresponsive and comatose.

Assessing LOC is crucial in first aid to determine the severity of an injury or illness.

Explanation

To check if someone is breathing, you can:

• Look for chest rise and fall
• Listen for breath sounds near their mouth
• Feel for air on your cheek

If the person is not breathing, start CPR if you are trained to do so, or call 999 or your local emergency number for guidance.

Explanation

Tilting someone's head back can help keep their airway open, which can assist with breathing.

This is especially important when they are unresponsive.

As it can help prevent their tongue or other objects from blocking their airway.

Explanation

Wrapping a casualty in a cold, wet sheet is a common treatment for heat stroke.

As it helps to cool the body quickly and reduce the risk of brain damage.

This is done by soaking a sheet in cold water, wringing it out, and wrapping it around the casualty's body.

Explanation

After someone has fainted, they should be placed in a comfortable position to aid recovery.

Lay them down on their back with their legs raised about 12 inches (30cm) to improve blood flow to the brain and help them regain consciousness.

This position is known as the "recovery position".

Explanation

If someone is having a diabetic emergency, such as a low blood sugar attack, give them a quick-acting carbohydrate like a sugary drink (e.g. juice or regular soda) or sugary food (e.g. candy or glucose tablets).

This can help raise their blood sugar levels and alleviate symptoms.

Explanation

If you suspect a victim has a broken bone, keep the limb still and support it in the position found.

This minimizes further injury and pain until professional medical help arrives.