Explanation

Heparin is generally considered safe during pregnancy.

It is the anticoagulant (blood thinner) of choice for many pregnant women

Warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects,

While aspirin and clopidogrel may be used in certain situations but require careful monitoring.

Explanation

HbA1c reflects long-term blood glucose levels.

Biguanides, such as Metformin, are commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes to help decrease HbA1c.

HbA1c lowering effect

1. Metformin: Typically reduces HbA1c by 1-2% (11-22 mmol/mol).

2. Sulfonylureas: May reduce HbA1c by 0.5-1.5% (5.5-16.5 mmol/mol).

3. Acarbose: Typically reduces HbA1c by 0.5-1% (5.5-11 mmol/mol).

Explanation

In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language into another language.

The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-level programming language to a lower level language to create an executable program. 

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RY 13-12-202

Explanation

FAT is the system used for managing data on storage devices like hard drives.

Explanation

Data Redundancy is the unnecessary duplication of data within a database or system.

It occurs when the same piece of data is stored in multiple locations

Explanation

Explanation

Certificates issued by private clinics are not recognized by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for official purposes.

Explanation

جسر

bridge, embankment, viaduct, pier