Explanation

• When sand is added to water, it does not dissolve, but instead forms a mixture where the sand particles settle at the bottom of the container.
• This type of mixture is called a suspension, where the particles of the solute (sand) do not dissolve in the solvent (water) and instead remain suspended.

Explanation

• Group VIA (also known as Group 16) elements have six electrons in their valence shell.
• Oxygen (O) is a member of this group, and its atomic number is 8.
• The electronic configuration of oxygen is 1s2 2s2 2p4, which shows that it has six electrons in its valence shell (two in the 2s orbital and four in the 2p orbitals).

Explanation

In the four-kingdom classification, Kingdom Metaphyta (also known as Plantae) includes:

• Angiosperm (flowering plants)
• Gymnosperm (conifers and related plants)
• Bryophyta (mosses)

Algae are classified under Kingdom Protista.

Explanation

• Medicine involves the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
  
• Surgery is a branch of medicine focused on operative procedures.
• Both fields are crucial in the overall treatment and management of diseases.

Explanation

Changes in pH can cause enzymes to denature, losing their native structure and activity.

This is because enzymes are highly specific to their optimal pH range.

Changes in pH can disrupt the delicate balance of charges and hydrogen bonds that maintain the enzyme's active structure.

Explanation

As temperature increases, the rate of reaction initially increases due to the increased kinetic energy of the molecules.

It allowing them to overcome the activation energy barrier and react more quickly.

Explanation

Endangered species are animals, plants, or fungi that are at risk of becoming extinct in the near future.

They are threatened by various factors, such as habitat loss, pollution, climate change, overhunting, and human activities.

Explanation

Scientific names of organisms, also known as binomial nomenclature, should be printed in italics.

This is a universal convention in scientific writing to distinguish the scientific name from the rest of the text.

Explanation

Latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a solid into a liquid (or vice versa) without changing its temperature. 

Latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a liquid into a gas (or vice versa) without changing its temperature.

Explanation

The spring constant (k) represents the force required to stretch or compress a spring by a certain distance.

The unit of spring constant is Newton per meter (N/m) or Newton per meter^-1 (Nm^-1).