Explanation

• At room temperature, most ionic compounds are crystalline solids, meaning they have a rigid and orderly crystal structure.
• This is because the strong electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions hold them in a fixed position, creating a three-dimensional lattice.

Explanation

• Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
• It measures the ability of an atom to pull electrons towards itself.

Explanation

• Animals that migrate long distances need a compact and energy-dense source of fuel to sustain them during their journey.
• Fat is the most energy-dense nutrient, providing approximately 9 kcal/g, compared to carbohydrates (4 kcal/g) and protein (4 kcal/g).

Explanation

• Chemical reactions require specific conditions to proceed at a proper rate.
• Temperature and pressure are two of the most important factors that influence reaction rates.

Explanation

Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients from fertilizers enter water bodies, stimulating excessive plant growth and depleting oxygen, harming aquatic life.

This can lead to the formation of "dead zones" where few organisms can survive, degrading the ecosystem.

Explanation

Fertilizers are substances containing chemical elements that provide essential nutrients for plant growth, including:

• Nitrates (N) for leaf growth and development
• Phosphates (P) for root development, flower and fruit formation
• Potassium (K) for overall plant health and resistance to disease

Explanation

Seafood is an excellent source of protein because it is typically low in fats (lipids) and high in protein.

Many types of seafood, such as fish and shellfish, are lean sources of protein, making them a popular choice for those looking to reduce their fat intake.

Explanation

When a body is tilted slightly, if its center of gravity remains above the point of contact, it will tend to return to its original position, restoring equilibrium.

This is a characteristic of stable equilibrium.

Key Points:

• A body is in unstable equilibrium after slight tilt if its center of gravity remains above the point of contact.
• A body is in neutral equilibrium when its center of gravity remains at same height.

Explanation

• Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme produced by the chief cells in the stomach lining.
• It breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, initiating protein digestion in the acidic environment of the stomach.

Explanation

• Glycolysis, the splitting of glucose, releases a small amount of energy that is enough to generate 2 ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules.
• This process occurs in the cytosol of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration.