Explanation

• Ionic crystals are typically characterized by high melting points due to the strong electrostatic forces between the positively and negatively charged ions.
• The attractive forces between oppositely charged ions are strong, requiring a significant amount of energy to overcome, resulting in high melting points.

Explanation

Kwashiorkor is a condition caused by a deficiency of dietary protein, leading to an imbalance in the gastro-intestinal system. It is characterized by:

• Edema (swelling) in the legs, feet, and face
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Hair loss
• Skin lesions
• Impaired immune function

Explanation

• The dark reaction, also known as the Calvin cycle.
• It is a light-independent reaction that occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
• This process uses the energy from ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Explanation

• The electron transport chain (ETC) is the stage of aerobic respiration that takes place at the cristae of mitochondria.
• The cristae are specialized infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the ETC complexes are embedded.

Explanation

• The rate of a chemical reaction typically increases when the temperature increases.
• As higher temperatures provide more energy for the reactant molecules to collide and react.

Explanation

• Fungi have cell walls made of chitin and are all heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients by decomposing organic matter or forming symbiotic relationships.
• This distinguishes them from other kingdoms, making Fungi unique in their combination of cell walls and heterotrophy.

Explanation

In the taxonomic hierarchy, Class is the most inclusive and encompasses all the other terms:

• Class includes multiple Orders
• Order includes multiple Families
• Family includes multiple Genera (plural of Genus)
• Genus includes multiple Species

Explanation

• The correct way of writing a scientific name of an organism is in italics, with the genus capitalized and the species in lowercase.
• Therefore, the correct example among the options should be: Houbara bustard.

Explanation

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that stores energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

It is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell, as it can be easily converted into other forms of energy that are needed by the cell.

Explanation

Necrosis is a type of cell death caused by external factors such as injury, infection, toxins, or lack of blood supply.

It is a premature and uncontrolled death of cells, often resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.