Explanation

Charles Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer

Babbage first described the Analytical Engine in 1837

Explanation

John McCarthy is recognized as the father of Artificial Intelligence due to his astounding contribution in the field of Computer Science.

John McCarthy was an American computer scientist

Note: Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Computer science, which aims to create intelligent machines so that machine can think intelligently in the same manner as a human does.

Explanation

Omer-Khayam was born in Iran in 1048 AD.

Omer-Khayam was a poet, Mathematician & Astronomer. 

Omer-Khayam introduced modern Solar Hijri calendar, the Jalali calendar.

Omer-Khayam  was the first to develop the binomial theorem and determine binomial coefficients.

*****

Explanation

Jabir Ibn Hayyan, also known as Geber

He is the Muslim scientist credited with the discovery of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid.

He is widely recognized as the "father of Arab chemistry".

Explanation

Robert Hook described the cell as: Basic unit of life

Robert Hook  discovered cells: 1665

Cell is the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body

Explanation

Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), a Russian physiologist, discovered classical conditioning in the early 1900s.

Known for:

Founder of modern behavior therapy

Classical conditioning

Explanation

 Hahn is involved in the German project aimed at developing an atomic bomb.

History:

On December 21, 1938, German scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann split uranium atoms

and were surprised to find several lighter products, including barium-141, instead of the heavy elements they had anticipated.

Additional information:

J. Robert Oppenheimer was called the "father of the atomic bomb".

Explanation

The Jalali calendar was developed in the 11th century by Omar Khayyam.

The Jalali Calendar, also known as the Jalali or Persian calendar, was introduced in 1079 AD. 

Explanation

Nando's originated in South Africa in 1987.

The first restaurant opened in Rosettenville, Johannesburg. 

Fernando Duarte and his friend Robert Brozin, the founders of the first Nando's,

He bought a restaurant previously called "Chickenland" and renamed it Nando's.

The chain's story began hundreds of years ago when Portuguese explorers discovered the African Bird's Eye Chilli, also known as PERi-PERi. 

Explanation

 The first mechanical computer was designed by Charles Babbage.

Analytical Engine, generally considered the first computer, designed  by Charles Babbage

In the 19th century (he worked on it until he died in 1871).