Explanation

The sentence is in past perfect continuous tense, and it remains the same in indirect speech.

Pronouns are adjusted appropriately: I → he.

No tense change is needed after "said" when past perfect continuous is used.

Final sentence: Hyder said that he had been gardening for two hours.

Explanation

The sentence expresses a wish or prayer, so in indirect narration we use "prayed".

Changes:

• "May" → "might"
• "here" → "there"

So, the correct indirect narration is:

They prayed that train might reach there in time.

Explanation

Correct Narration Change:

The original sentence (Teacher said to them, "Don't make noise") is a command (strict instruction).

In indirect speech, "ordered" is the most appropriate verb for strong commands like this.

The imperative "Don’t make noise" changes to "not to make noise" (infinitive structure in reported speech).

Explanation

Present Perfect Tense into Past Perfect Tense

Helping verbs

Present: Have/Has

Past: Had

Explanation

• The indirect form of speech for the given sentence "He says, 'I will sit in the garden'" would be: He said that he would sit in the garden.
• In indirect speech, the tense of the reporting verb ("says") is shifted according to the context, and the tense of the reported speech ("I will sit") is usually shifted back one tense from present to past ("I would sit").

Explanation

Direct speech: He said, "I am feeling sad today,". 

Indirect speech: He said that he was feeling sad that day.

Remover inverted commas.

Change today into that day.

Add that.

Change present tense into past tense.

Explanation

The given sentence is an example of an optative sentence

If the reported speech starts with 'may', then the reporting verb 'said' is replaced with word 'prayed'.

Explanation

Explanation

Remove Inverted commas

Change said into told

Change Will into Would

Explanation

In this case,Present Perfect Continuous of Direct Speech becomes Past Perfect Continuous of Indirect Speech