Explanation

Fiji is the President of COP23, and its agenda is to highlight the threat posed to small island states by climate change.

Explanation

The motto of the Red Cross is "Charity in War."

It reflecting its mission to provide humanitarian assistance and medical aid during times of conflict.

The International Committee of the Red Cross is a humanitarian organization.

Formation: 17 February 1863; 160 years ago.

The Headquarters of Red Cross is in  Geneva (a city in Switzerland).

Award(s):

Nobel Peace Prize (1917, 1944, 1963)

Tree of Peace Memorial Plaque (2023).

Explanation

Afghanistan opposed Pakistan's membership in the United Nations in 1947, primarily due to the Durand Line dispute.

Afghanistan did not recognize the boundary, which was established by the British in 1893, leading to territorial and political tensions.

Explanation

The Brexit referendum was held on 23 June 2016, where the UK voted to leave the European Union, with 51.9% in favor of leaving.

This decision significantly impacted UK-EU relations.

Explanation

(ICRC) stands for The International Committee of the Red Cross

The International Committee of the Red Cross is a humanitarian organization 

Founder of Red Cross: Henry Dunant

the  Red Cross was founded on February 17, 1863, in Geneva, Switzerland

Headquarters of Red Cross: Geneva, Switzerland

The parent organization of ICRC: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

***

The International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) has won Nobel Prize three Times:

1. 1917,
2. 1944,
3. 1963

as well as in the award to Henri Dunant (1901)

Explanation

Explanation

in 2014, Microsoft bought Nokia's mobile phone business, incorporating it as Microsoft Mobile.

Nokia belongs to Finland.

Nokia's headquarters are in Espoo, Finland

It was founded in 1865 as a pulp mill in Tampere, Finland. 

Founders

• Fredrik Idestam
• Leo Mechelin
• Eduard Polon

It has operations in about 130 countries

Explanation

Hezbollah is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and militant group

Led since 1992 by its Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah

It was established in 1982 during the Lebanese civil war and fought a 2006 war with Israel.

Founder: Sayyed Abbas Al-Musawi

Headquarters: Beirut, Lebanon

Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council

Germany has recently banned Hezbollah

Explanation

ECO founders: Turkey, Iran & Pakistan

Member states: 

10 members

1 observer ( Northern Cyprus)

**
ECO 10 Member state :

1Türkiye,

2 Iran

3 Pakistan 

4 Afghanistan

5 Azerbaijan

6 Kazakhstan

7 Kyrgyz Republic

8 Uzbekistan

9 Tajikistan

10 Turkmenistan

***

ECO stands for Economic Cooperation Organization 

Date of Establishment: 1985.

Headquarters: Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Official languages: English

currency: Currency

10 currencies

Afghanistan Afghani (AFN)

Turkey Lira (TRY)

Azerbaijan Manat (AZN)

Turkmenistan Manat (TMT)

Iran Rial (IRR)

Pakistan Rupee (PKR)

Kyrgyzstan Som (KGS)

Uzbekistan Soum (UZS)

Tajikistan Somoni (TJS)

Kazakhstan Tenge (KZT)

ND12_8_2023

Explanation

Iraq left the Baghdad Pact in 1959 following the 1958 revolution that established a republic.

This leading to a change in its foreign policy and alignment away from the Western bloc.

The Middle East Treaty Organization, also known as the Central Treaty Organization

CENTO was a military alliance of the Cold War.

Headquarters: Baghdad (1955 – 1958) Ankara (1958 – 1979)

CENTO was formed on 24 February 1955 by:

• Iran
• Iraq
• Pakistan
• Turkey
• and the United Kingdom.

CENTO alliance was dissolved on 16 March 1979

related question

Both Iran and Pakistan remained members of CENTO till?